ing io clone by "Holahcuers 11 or vrood chopper a employed by tho 

 Government. Troes r.ro eoldom marlceA except for thinninjs 

 in stands t.t a very critical ago or -^hcn some ra5icc.l r!o 

 parturor from che orcUncry method is nc.de. r.aturo timber 

 is ar.*r.;-c clean cut an<? tho non und eratc.r 1 the ordinary- 

 thinning so vrell that occaoicnal inspection of thoir rorl: is 

 sufficient. The art of thinnin- correctly is of ~reat im- 

 portance r.s LO percent of tho total voarly cut on a forest 

 ofton CO-DC L'rors thorc. Thoy are r:a(".o every five to ten years 

 in all stmds after they are twenty years old . tfoodchoppers 

 are paid by the arrlount and character of vood produced r.nd the 

 difficulty of the rorlc itself. They receive 2.00 to 5.00 

 nar::8 (a ru r": is r." ,'roninrtoly CBf/) por day, averaging about 

 3.00 r.arl:s, xrhile rronon receive rbout half as much. 



In hilly country or -'here the raar".:et is poor, the 

 trees are out in the ordinary manner, stunts flush "dth tho 

 grcand or three or four inches hi~h. 'There tho c^r-'rot is 

 Sood 1 tho interoctin^ nroceae of pushing 'Che trcos ovor is used 

 in order to uproot uho utuap rhich is rlso arid. A stout 

 pole about tv;enty feet long vrith a sharp iron point is plr.cod 

 at an cnjle of r.bout 45 degrees against tho troo to be felled. 

 Tho point is ja'obed into tho bark to prevent slipping c.r.d the 

 butt one is placed on Lhe socket of a rr.chine lyin^ flat u^on 

 the Around. This resembles an ordinary lifting ^rck, rorlring 

 on ratchets, oithor -i ch a Ion-; lover as tho orclinr.ry ^ack, or 

 tTlth i ~carec! crank. A few roots are cut on the near side of 

 the troo and then preesure applied by means of the ;Jac!r till 

 the tree is throrm over. TTTC such machines "ill easily throw 

 over r t r o-foot oalc or pino. 



After foiling, tho top is lopped and correthor r-ith 

 the branches is orlcor' up into the most profitable mc'iorial. 

 IB order to.^rovont dcna^e by insects "foich ^ould soon riddle 

 the -ood, r.nd in order to raalre drying moro rapid, ell conifers 

 are peeled, Tho trees r.re dra3":ed out to the nearest road by 

 hand or ena'rod by horses, ("opondinj on tho 'oi^'it of r ;ho iinbor 

 and tho chnrcctc5r of -ho country. Cn level ground "hi-h 

 wheelers" -.re effoctivoly employe-" on Ir.r :e trees. The rrener- 

 al pr ctloc is to cnr^ie o\r: ;ho ontiro tree, after tri'T.ir~ the 

 brrjiches o.^f, nnd thon -or:: it into -^.3 different products en 

 the road. 



In scaling, -he r.ir'dlo dirmotor of ihe sr. VT lc^s 

 timbers is obtained -'i^h crliiorc cr.<* thoir con^cnta 

 in "I'eetnotors" or cubic rioters. Pile-" -ooi? of rJ.1 'o- 

 Bcriptione is aerxurod in "Hundnetcrs" (a "P.unr'motar" oontcins 



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