north slopes -vhich prove favorable to spruce and fir in 

 India ts well as in our count r . 



At about 950G foot elevation the deodar gradually 

 disappears and the fir or spruoo type makes its appearance. 

 ?ir (Abies '.('obbiona) an? spruce (Picea morinda) are the chief 

 components of tho type which may be likened to the re? fir 

 belt of the Sierras. At present it ie a virgin selection 

 forest unmerchantable on account of inaccessibility. At 

 10,500 to 11,500 foot it ~ives way to the IDiarsu ("uercus 

 somicRrpi folia) belt which has no prototype in Anerica, and 

 strange to say is composed of a thick leathery leaved ever- 

 green oak occurring in heavy moss covered etrjids of no prac- 

 tical value. 



Tho chlr pine type is managed uacer tho eheltemood 

 system *:hich has been found best adapted to intolerant spccieo 

 of this character. The timber IB romovec in t*-o to four 

 cuttings, the number depending upon silvicultural needs and 

 lo.-ging conditions. In case four cuttings are made 15 to 20 

 trees por acre are left after the first cut, 6 to 8 r.fter the 

 second, 1 to 2 after t'-.e third, and all removed on the fourth. 

 This number is necessary on account of fire danger, two cuttings 

 bein~ r.11 that ero nooesoary for reproduction. 7he sooond 

 cutting follorrs the first after about 4 years r-hile the tro re- 

 maining ones remove the chelterwood when the fire danger has 

 lessened, i.e., when the young trees are lar^e enough to resist 

 fire. The policy at present is towards a reduo-lon in the num- 

 ber of cuttings oincc fire, '-hen it does occur, is usually so 

 fierce that old as well as young trees are destroyed. Under 

 thla policy 7-8 trees per acre are left after t.'-.e first cutting. 

 Li ht burning is systematically carriec' on over larre areas in 

 order to improve forage and to protect the tracts being regen- 

 erated. 



The cover picture shows the excellent chrraotor of 

 reproduction eec-arec". Originally about 14 trees per acre were 

 left on this area, the second cut havin3 been made two years 

 ago leavir.rr 2-3 trees per eore. Reproduction at present is 16 

 years old. In the background can be seen the eteep mountain 

 sites '.Thich have been systematically terraced by the natives 

 * ith what raust have been an imnense expenditure of labor. These 

 terraces are irrigated and yield 3000. crops of rice, wheat, dh&l, 

 an other -rsir.a. 



The deodar ie nuch m -ro tolerroit th>x. the chir and 

 since it occurs scattered through the foroet associated with 

 kail, fir anc< spruce, a group celection syutera ie 



