4 FARMERS * BULLETIN 01). 



pleted vat. If the sides of the trench are reasonably firm they may 

 be used for the outer w.alls of the form, but in all cases where the vat 

 is extended above the surface of the ground it is necessary to build 

 forms extending from the ground surface to the top of the vat. If 

 the soil is sandy or the walls cave in it will be necessary to use outer 

 forms, in which case the trench should be wide enojugh to allow for 

 these forms. 



The forms usually are made of 1-inch boards and 2 by 4 inch 

 braces, but as a supply of 2-inch lumber is necessary for the corrals 

 and chutes, some of this lumber may first be used for the forms and 



FIG., 13. Section of trench for concrete vat with sloping sides, showing the forms in 

 place, and one method of bracing. (Compare with fig. 14.) 



afterwards for constructing corrals and chutes. Two methods of 

 bracing the forms are illustrated (figs. 13 and 14). 



Bolts for fastening the crawling and slide boards and the drain 

 and other pipes should be placed in position in the forms before 

 the concrete is laid. The concrete side and m end walls may be rein- 

 forced with heavy woven wire, in whrch case the reinforcements 

 should be placed properly in the brms so that they may be em- 

 bedded in the middle of the walls. 



^The concrete for dipping vats should be made of 1 part of Port- 

 land cement by measure, 2J parts of sand, and 4 parts of screened 

 gravel or crushed stone. The sand should be coarse, clean, and free 

 from foreign matter. The crushed stone or gravel may vary in size 



