18 Georgia State College of Agriculture 



supply of salt is also beneficial and should be supplied in such man- 

 ner that animals may have access to it at all times. 



Medicinal Treatment. Several remedies are recommended. 

 Either coal tar, creosote, copper sulphate (bluestone), gasoline, 

 benzine or turpentine may be used. Treatment with gasoline ap- 

 pears to be the most popular and appears to give the best results. 

 The gasoline treatment 'Should be applied as follows: all cattle in 

 the herd should be treated at the same time whether they show 

 signs of infestation or not. Confine 'the cattle during the night 

 without food or water in order to have the stomachs as empty as 

 possible. Next morning drench each animal with a mixture of 

 gasoline and raw linseed oil. A drench for calves under three 

 months old consists of one tablespoon of gasoline and one-fourth 

 pint of raw linseed oil; for calves three to six months old, two 

 tablespoonfuls of gasoline and one-half pint of raw linseed oil; 

 and for young cattle six months to one year old, three to four table- 

 spoonfuls of gasoline and three-fourths to one pint of raw linseed 

 oil. The dose for larger and older cattle is in proportion to size 

 and age. 



The dose for each animal should be mixed separately and the in- 

 gredients should be well shaken together. Care must be exercised 

 so as to prevent strangling the animals during drenching. This 

 treatment is to be applied on three successive days, the animals 

 having been kept confined without food or water during the pre- 

 ceding night. After the herd has been treated the animals should 

 be placed on fresh pasture not recently occupied by other animals. 

 Liver Flukes (Fasciola hepatica), Distoma hepatica). 



These are flat, leaf-shaped worms, brown in color, three-fourths 

 inch to one and one-fourth inch long. They are found in the bile 

 ducts of the liver in infested cattle, sheep, goats and occasionally 

 in hogs. 



These parasites are most common in poorly drained section's of 

 the country and in swampy areas. In those sections in which 

 the conditions are most favorable for the development through the 

 larval stage. 



Life History. The eggs of the parasite pass with the bile into 

 the intestines and thence to the ground with the manure. The 

 eggs hatch on the ground but on dry land the larvae soon perish. 

 When hatched in wet or marshy places the larvae seek the inter- 

 mediate host, the common water snail, and bore into the respiratory 

 chamber where they undergo a series of changes which produce 

 from a single embryo a large number of embryos or larvae. After 

 this stage of development is completed the larvae leave the body of 

 the snail and crawl onto the grass blades and the leaves of aquatic 

 plants where they encyst themselves and lie dormant. In moist 

 localities the larvae may live a long time in this condition. Infest- 



