38 (Georgia State College of Agriculture. 



tary precautions, in treating the older dogs with vermifuges and 

 the use of disinfectants in the kennels. 



For the removal or destruction of worms either of the following 

 is good. Take powdered Areca nut in doses according to the size of 

 the dog. Puppies may have two to ten grains, according to size. 

 For older and larger dogs the dose may be increased. Best results 

 are obtained when it is given on an empty stomach. Calomel may 

 be combined with areca nut, using one-fifth as much calomel as 

 areca nut. 



Hook Worms (Uncinaria canina). 



This is the common hookworm of the dog. The parasite may 

 also infest cats. The worms are thread-like and y 2 to % inch 

 long. By means of hooks with which the heads are armed they 

 attach themselves to the mucous membrane of the intestines and 

 draw blood. 



Life History. The females produce eggs which hatch in moist 

 earth. The larvae undergo a series of moults and in a few days 

 may be taken into the digestive system with contaminated food. 

 They immediately attach themselves to the mucous membrane and 

 in a short time reach maturity. 



Symptoms. Hookworm disease is very common in puppies and 

 is often found in older dogs. It is most fatal in puppies. The com- 

 mon symptoms are loss of flesh, paleness, loss of energy, derange- 

 ment of the digestive system, dullness and in some cases nausea. 

 The worms may be found in the feces. 



Treatment. Same as recommended for Ascaris marginata. In 

 addition thymol in doses of two to ten grains, in capsule, followed 

 by a full dose of castor oil is also recommended. 



Note. Hookworm infestation is sometimes called "Black tongue." 



Tape Worms. 



Several species of tape worms infest the intestines of the dog in 

 the adult form. They are Taenia coenurus, Taenia echinococcus, 

 Taenia marginata, Taenia serrata and Taenia canina. These para- 

 sites vary in length fro ma fraction of an inch to several feet. Tape 

 worms consist of a head and a variable number of segments. Each 

 segment of a tapeworm is capable of egg production. Segments are 

 produced at the head and fully matured segments drop off at the 

 tail of the worm. These segments contain eggs. When food of 

 animals is contaminated with this material the eggs hatch in the 

 digestive system and develop the larval form of the worm. 



The larval period of development of the Taenia coenurus is 

 passed in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord of sheep as de- 

 scribed under the heading "Gid Bladder Worm." That of the 

 Taenia echinococcus is passed in cysts in the livers of cattle, sheep, 

 hogs and man, the condition produced being known as "Hydatid 

 cysts of the Liver." The larval development of Taenia marginata 



