IO PAPER IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



transportation everywhere, excepting in the mountains, where wag- 

 ons are used. There are three machine factories in all Austria, and 

 they turn out excellent work. Most machines in use at present are 

 imported from Germany and Italy. 



The cost of labor is from about 90 cents to $1.50 per day for 

 a skilled workman. The labor is efficient. 



The number of paper and pulp factories in Austria-Hungary is 

 310. Paper is made in 194 of these, as follows: Poster in 18, cel- 

 lulose in 28, cardboard in 14, printing in 51, packing and wrapping 

 in no, blotting in 22, patent packing in 29, pulp vat in 14, writing 

 in 47, tissue and cigarette in 13, straw and pasteboard in 18, tele- 

 gram in 4, value in n, drawing in 9, blue in 9, other specialties in 

 33, wood board (white and brown) in 97, Jacquard cardboard in 16, 

 pasteboard in 75, rough statuary pasteboard in 18, pressed shavings 

 in 9. 



Cellulose is made in 19 factories and wood pulp in 83. The out- 

 put during the past year of factories from which I was able to 

 procure statistics was: 



Pounds. 



From 40 paper factories, collectively 187,761,332 



From 34 wood-pulp factories, collectively 59,953,340 



From 15 cellulose factories, collectively 118,492,000 



From 38 ^>aste and wood board factories, collectively 70, 532,000 



From 2 straw-fiber factories, collectively , 4, 273, 500 



The kinds of power used are water, steam, and electricity. About 

 50,000 horsepower comes from water, and from 15,000 to 18,000 

 from steam and electricity. The greater part of the paper is machine 

 made. Handmade paper is turned out by 22 mills. The proc- 

 esses and methods of manufacture are modern, but the machines 

 require more men than the American apparatus; it takes about 

 twelve good workmen to handle one of the European machines. 

 The methods in manufacture are constantly improving. 



IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 



The classes and kinds of paper imported and exported, the quan- 

 tities and valuations, and the various duties are to be found in the 

 following list of imports and exports for the past five years (1893- 

 1897). 



