EUROPE: AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 27 



trial, 12 official, 5 medical, 4 educational, 2 scientific, 2 stenographic, 

 2 charitable, i religious. As yearly publications appear 8 calendars, 

 similar to the American newspaper almanacs. In the district are 91 

 printers that is, printing establishments and 80 publishers. Other 

 principal users of paper are, in approximate numbers, 2,500 stores, 

 1,000 lawyers, 300 banks, and 250 photographers. The consump- 

 tion of paper is not likely to materially increase. 



Bags and boxes are made of paper, but it is impossible to state 

 the quantities. The glass industry consumes immense numbers of 

 paper boxes, practically all of which are made in this district. 



In connection with import statistics, which follow, appears a 

 statement of the relative importance of different nations in the paper 

 trade of this country. 



PRODUCTION. 



There is an immense amount of developed water power in this 

 district, and not much that is undeveloped. Every stream large 

 enough to be called a river is split into as many little mill races as 

 it will stand, each race turning the wheels of one or more factories, 

 according to circumstances. Aided by dams, many small brooks 

 furnish power for at least the partial propulsion of factory machinery, 

 being supplemented by steam when necessary. 



What little undeveloped water power exists is distant from rail- 

 ways and navigable water ways, but is generally near such sources 

 of materials for paper as pine forests. 



Coal is the fuel used in paper mills and costs from $2.75 to $3.50 

 a ton at the mills. To some, it must be hauled by wagons several 

 miles from the nearest railway station. The railway haul is at the 

 utmost not over 50 miles, as the coal is mined in Bohemia or at 

 some near point in Germany. 



Raw materials are abundant and close at hand. The paper mills 

 are near pine forests. In less abundance other vegetable fibers are 

 available, but they are not used here in paper making. Rags are 

 gathered from the territory surrounding a factory, and the supply ap- 

 parently satisfies the demand. Rags cost a third of a cent a pound. 



Paper mills which do not make their own pulp buy it from pulp 

 mills in the district. None seems to be imported. 



No paper machinery is made in this district. 



For labor in paper mills, men are paid, on an average, 40 cents 

 and women 30 cents a day. The labor appears to be efficient. 



No statistics are obtainable which give the quantities and values 

 of paper produced annually in this district; and it is impossible to 

 make an estimate, as some of the 28 paper mills refuse to give any 

 information whatever regarding their output. 



