28 



PAPER IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



Both steam and water are used as power, and occasionally an 

 electric motor is found. 



All the paper is machine made, none whatever being made by 

 hand. The processes and methods of manufacture in some mills 

 are modern; in others, antique. 



In a typical mill of the best class which I visited, the entire proc- 

 ess, from the grinding of the wood and rags into pulp to the sheet 

 of printing paper, letter paper, paper bag, school copy book, and 

 ruled account book, is performed. A department equipped with 

 type and presses prints addresses of business firms on ordinary 

 paper bags, celluloid candy bags, etc. Large orders for these arti- 

 cles from Vienna firms were being filled on the day of my visit. 

 This factory requires half a dozen buildings, covers several acres of 

 ground, and is fitted with modern machinery. Water, steam, and 

 electricity are all used for motive power. This mill has been in 

 operation fifty years, but the policy of its management has always 

 been to use the latest devices and improvements. The older mills 

 generally, however, are behind the times in equipment. 



On the whole, it can not be said that methods are improving. 

 The mill described above is exceptional. 



The production is not likely to increase beyond the demands of 

 a slowly growing population. In this district, there are seven pulp 

 mills. 



IMPORTS. 



Practically no paper is imported to this district, except fine 

 grades of writing and drawing paper from Germany, of which the 

 prices are 60 to 80 cents a hundred sheets; and the finest drawing 

 paper, from England, selling at 80 cents to $i a hundred sheets. 



No statistics of paper imports to this district are specially com- 

 piled. The imports of the Empire in 1898 are given below. 



In several cases, the official statistics which I copy bunch to- 

 gether different kinds of paper for instance, drawing, carbon, and 

 copper plate. 



Imports in 1898. 



