106 PAPER IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



from the number of factories, one might safely say that Saxony is 

 the center for pasteboard production. In this connection, it might 

 be added that the box-making and riveting machine, with special 

 patented method of fastening the corners with wire or tin clasps, is 

 a Saxon invention, and from this the industry has developed. 



(2) Fancy "penny toys," Christmas-tree ornaments, cotillion 

 favors, etc., of paper and cardboard. There are quite a number of 

 factories in this district doing a large export business. 



(3) Photographic paper. Dresden is the center for the produc- 

 tion of photographic paper. 



(4) Chromo, lithographing, and art printing papers for Christmas 

 and New Year's cards, calendars, etc., cigar labels, posters, etc. 



(5) Cigarette paper and press-copying paper. Dresden is the 

 center for the manufacture of cigarettes. 



The paper used in Saxony is throughout of an inferior; cheap 

 quality; even the Government offices, such as the ministries,' city 

 hall, and courts, use very poor paper. Very few firms use good, 

 strong linen paper, and when they do they keep a small supply for 

 foreign correspondence. Preference is given to light paper, as the 

 German business man is extremely economical. The usual size of 

 the business sheet is 9 by 8^ inches, while the envelopes measure 

 6 by 5 inches. The size of the sheets used by the Government offices 

 is somewhat larger 8^ by 13 inches (about the size of our Gov- 

 ernment dispatch paper). 



The usual terms of sale specify payment three months from date 

 of invoice; but good, safe firms are allowed a credit for a whole 

 year, provided they agree to take a certain quantity of paper each 

 year. This custom originated in Leipzig, where seven-eighths of all 

 the publishers in Germany have their books and pamphlets printed, 

 and this latter fact explains the importance of the paper industry in 

 the Kingdom of Saxony. 



The quantity of paper consumed in this Kingdom, or within this 

 district, is not obtainable, nor could a prominent paper broker give 

 an approximate idea. An estimate given by the largest Saxon paper 

 mill states that in 1897 the quantity of paper of all kinds consumed 

 within the German Empire was about 500,000,000 kilograms (1,102,- 

 300,000 pounds), enough to fill 50,000 freight cars. 



While, as stated, reliable figures regarding the consumption of 

 paper for each class and kind are not obtainable for this Kingdom, 

 nor for this consular district, and while several paper dealers whom 

 I consulted positively refused to give me an idea, I have been able 

 to secure the following as fair examples: 



(i) The Neuste Nachrichten, a newspaper having the largest cir- 

 culation in Dresden and surrounding country, in 1898 used 1,600,000 



