EUROPE: GERMANY. 109 



where they are used for the manufacture of the raw material. Owing 

 to the perfect forestry system in Saxony, which is considered the 

 best regulated in Germany, the supply of wood is practically inex- 

 haustible. 



The fuel mostly used is Bohemian brown coal, which is trans- 

 ported by rail and by water and is comparatively cheap, as the coal 

 mines are not far away. 



Transportation from Briix center of the Bohemian coal-mining 

 district to Dresden costs $i 1.50 per 10,000 kilograms (22,046 pounds) 

 by rail, and an annual average of 25 marks ($5.95) by water and rail. 

 The cost price of this coal at mine, exclusive of transportation, for 

 large quantities is 25 to 40 marks ($5.95 to $9.52) per 10,000 kilo- 

 grams, or one carload. Wood is not used as fuel. 



The raw materials suitable for paper making are principally pine 

 (red pine) the German " Fichte " straw, rags (linen and cotton), 

 and waste materials. The wood of the fir tree (German " Tanne " ) is 

 also used, but in small quantities. Saxony is a prominent market 

 for rags and waste materials. The largest rag assorters Messrs. 

 Barth & Sohn, in Riesa, Saxony handle about 3,000,0000 kilograms 

 (6,613,800 pounds) of rags per annum, viz: 



Kilograms. 



Cotton rags , ". 1,000,000 



Linen rags 250, ooo 



For the manufacture of artificial wool 750,000 



Jute baggings and waste materials 1,000,000 



The average market prices per 100 kilograms (220.46 pounds) are: 



The transportation of rags, etc., costs 34 marks ($8.09) per 100 

 kilometers (62.5 miles) for 10,000 kilograms (22,046 pounds) by rail. 

 The paper mills are all located within 30 miles from Riesa, so that 

 the cost of transportation is not very heavy. 



The finest papers are made out of Russian, Austrian, and Gali- 

 cian rags, which are imported into Germany in large quantities. 

 These rags are superior to those collected in Germany, as the Rus- 

 sians, etc., wear a great deal of silk. 



As regards wood pulp, reference is had to report sent from this 

 office under date October 26, 1898, to the Department,* to which 



*See part 2, "Uses of wood pulp in Europe." 



