EUROPE: GERMANY. 153 



lulose; (2) hop weeds, nettles, and esparto grass, the latter being 

 imported from Africa; (3) linen and other rags, generally assorted 

 by the rag dealers; also waste from spinneries and jute factories. 

 The available quantities of each are amply sufficient for the demand 

 of all the inland paper factories. The cost of these articles can not 

 be obtained. 



The facilities for rail transportation in Wurttemberg are very 

 good. There is no water transportation. 



There are factories in Heidenheim, Heilbronn, Reutlingen, Ra- 

 vensburg, Goeppingen, and Stuttgart, where all the machinery for 

 paper making is built, such as entire paper machines, calenders, 

 boilers, satineering, and paper-cutting machines. 



There are about 40 paper manufactories in Wurttemberg; their 

 annual output can not be ascertained. They use mostly steam 

 power, some steam and water power combined, very few water power 

 alone. 



Paper is made exclusively by machinery. The demand for hand- 

 made paper is very small, and it can not compete with machine-made 

 paper. 



All manufacturers, including the producers of wood pulp, are 

 anxious to obtain the newest inventions, not only to improve their 

 products, but to increase their output. 



WAGES. 



The weekly wages in the paper factories in Wurttemberg are: 

 For children under 16 years of age, 2^ to 3 marks (59.5 to 71 cents) ; 

 for women, 6 to 8 marks ($1.43 to $1.90); for young men, 10 to 12 

 marks ($2.38 to $2.85) ; for older ones, 15 to 18 marks ($3.57 to $4. 28) ; 

 for special workmen, 20 to 30 marks ($4.76 to $7.14). 



IMPORTS. 



With very little exception, paper is not imported into this country, 

 as the local production supplies the market; but, while much of this 

 is lower priced than foreign paper, there is a great deal that could 

 be exported from the United States at a profit. Some Japanese paper 

 for napkins, etc., is imported as a specialty. From England some 

 drawing paper is imported by dealers in Cologne, Hamburg, Leip- 

 zig, and Frankfort. 



The banking facilities are the best possible. There is mail serv- 

 ice three or four times a day. 



In Wurttemberg there is not a single firm for the importation of 

 paper exclusively. 



Sweden has made efforts to introduce its wood pulp into Ger- 

 many, but the duty of 8 marks ($1.90) per 100 kilograms (220.46 

 pounds) has been an obstacle to trade. 



