EUROPE: ITALY. 169 



There were 12 paper mills in 1818 in the province of Milan, em- 

 ploying 100 laborers. Six of these, with 48 laborers, were in Milan; 

 i, with 20 laborers, at Vaprio d'Adda; 2, with 16 laborers, at Villa 

 San Fiorano; and i at Peregallo, i at Rocca Brivio, and i at Zibido 

 San Giacomo, employing altogether 22 laborers. In 1850, there 

 were only 9 mills 6 at Milan, 2 at Monza, and i at Vaprio d'Adda. 

 These were all handmills, excepting the one at Vaprio d'Adda, 

 where machinery was used. This latter employed 50 men, 20 chil- 

 dren of both sexes under 15 years of age, and 50 women, and pro- 

 duced with two machines printing and official paper, note paper, and 

 tinted paper for lithographs. The other 8 mills worked by hand- 

 employed 32 men, 24 children of both sexes under 15 years of age, 

 and 12 women, and manufactured, with 12 tanks, yellow and blue 

 paper, wrapping paper, and rough cardboards. In 1864, there were 

 8 mills; 3 of these used machinery and the other 5 were for hand 

 work. The latter manufactured the most ordinary kinds of yellow 

 paper for wrapping purposes and rough cardboards for making 

 boxes used in silkworm culture. In 1876, there were again 9 mills, 

 as follows: One at Briosco, employing 22 men, 15 women, and 6 

 children of both sexes under 15 years old, using 2 tanks, i machine, 

 and having as motor water of 40 horsepower; i at Vaprio d'Adda, 

 employing 120 men, 150 women, and 100 children of both sexes 

 under 15 years old. This mill had 4 tanks, 2 machines, and the 

 motor was both steam and water, the former of 50 horsepower and 

 the latter of 150 horsepower. The other two mills, at Milan, em- 

 ployed 256 men, 413 women, and 100 children of both sexes under 

 15 years old. They had n tanks and 2 machines, and their motor 

 was water of 179 horsepower. In 1893, the paper mills were reduced 

 to 4 the smaller handmills having been abandoned located as fol- 

 lows: One at Briosco, employing 10 men, 6 women, and 7 children, 

 with 2 tanks for hand work, i machine, and the motor both steam 

 and water, the former of 20 horsepower and the latter of 30 horse- 

 power; i at Vaprio d'Adda, employing in men, 171 women, and 50 

 children, with 2 machines, and the motor both steam and water, the 

 former of 40 horsepower and the latter of 1 10 horsepower. The other 

 2 mills were at Milan; they employed 223 men, 400 women, and 137 

 children. They used 4 machines, and the motor was steam and 

 water, the former of 50 horsepower and the latter of 177 horsepower. 

 The children employed in the above mills were under 15 years of 

 age. The mill at Vaprio d'Adda made fine, glazed, and colored 

 cardboard ; the mills at Milan made letter and printing paper, gel- 

 atin paper, cardboard (both fine and coarse), and glazed and colored 

 paper; while the mill at Briosco made packing and similar paper, 

 also small colored cardboards. 



