194 PAPER IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



In 1856, the statistics show that of the above 39, 36 were in Milan, 

 2 at Monza, and i at Gallarate. They employed 500 workmen, used 

 230 printing presses, and the work consisted chiefly in printing forms 

 for local and private use, the printing of books, and to a greater 

 degree the printing of newspapers and journals of various kinds. In 

 1893, of the no printing establishments, 88 were in Milan and were 

 the more important, the other 22 being of little account, compara- 

 tively speaking, as they employed only 169 workmen, used 53 ma- 

 chines for hand work, and 34 printing presses. Their work was 

 local. Those in Milan employed 2,486 workmen, used 361 machines 

 (many of these the most modern), and 144 presses. Thirty-four of 

 these used 48 motors (of gas and steam) of 258 horsepower. Seventy- 

 six, employing 1,438 men, did work to order. The others printed 

 exclusively books, newspapers, and music. There were 12 of these, 

 employing 1,048 workmen, using 5 steam motors, 13 gas motors, and 

 i water. Of the machines, 8 were double backing, 8 continuous for 

 newspapers, and 2 for illustrations. The increase since 1893 has 

 been principally of the smaller class that do a wholly local business. 



The lithographic industry is quite important in this district. In 

 1893, there were 82 concerns employing 1,032 workmen and using 

 301 printing presses and 70 machines. They printed advertising 

 bills, sacred images, illustrations for match boxes (printed in colors 

 on paper or cloth), also prints in black and white. The principal 

 sale of the sacred images is said to be to Spain. The chief exporta- 

 tion of lithographic prints for match boxes is to South America, 

 Germany, and France. The exportation of prints for fans and cal- 

 enders is principally to France, Spain, and Switzerland. The figur- 

 ing, stamping, or printing of wall paper is not extensive, and the 

 importation of colored, gilded, and figured paper is mostly for use 

 on walls. 



For the manufacture of boxes of various kinds and other works 

 of pasteboard also of what is called lace paper there are 48 estab- 

 lishments in the province of Milan, employing i, 207 laborers. Three 

 of these manufacture by hand and the others by machinery, using 

 253 machines. Their motor is steam and gas, of 65 horsepower. Of 

 the various newspapers, journals, etc., mentioned above as published 

 in this consular district, the following tabular list shows the periods 

 of publication: 



