EUROPE : NORWAY. 



26l 



150,000 tons of moist pulp. Most of these mills had last year (1898) 

 a smaller production than in 1897, owing to lack of water. This 

 year, so far, has been much worse, the water being lower than for 

 the last ten years, and most of the mills have shut down for the time. 

 One of the best pulp and paper mills in the country is the Bohns- 

 dalens Wood Pulp and Paper Mills, located near Eidsvold, some 68 

 kilometers (42 miles) from Christiania. In their invoices the man- 

 agers place transportation charges and other outlay for a shipment 

 of 50 tons of dry sulphate pulp to New York as follows: 



Freight charges are not alike on all lines, and are difficult to give 

 pei kilometer. Some of the mills are run by electric power, like the 

 one at Sarpsborg, on the west side of the falls. This mill is owned 

 by a company composed of Englishmen, Germans, and Norwegians. 

 The firm is styled the Kellner Partington Paper and Pulp Company, 

 Limited, and it also owns like mills at Barrow-in-Furness, in England, 

 and in Hallein, Austria. At this plant some 1,000 workmen are said 

 to be employed, and some 900,000 kroner ($241,200) are paid in 

 wages annually. In a year, 35,000 tons of coal, 6,000 tons of lime- 

 stone, and 3,500 tons of sulphur are used. About 23,000 tons of 

 chemical pulp and 5,000 tons of paper are produced annually, be- 

 sides some smaller products. There are annually used 840,000 logs. 

 The managers have their own railroad and side tracks connecting 

 with the main line, and employ 2 locomotives and 100 cars. The 

 tracks also run from the landing place of the logs on the river to 

 the mills, and from the mills to their own wharves at Mellas in San- 

 nesund on the sea. The whole length of track is 9 kilometers (6 

 miles). The logs are first brought to a sawmill, where 8 circular 

 saws cut them in pieces about 8 feet long. The pieces drop from the 

 saws direct on the cars, and are transported to the drying room. 

 When these pieces are seasoned enough and the bark taken off, they 

 are cut into chips and boiled in a separate building, where 12 boilers, 

 each holding 7 tons of pulp, are placed. In the boiling process, 

 lime and sulphur are used. The pulp is then put into receivers, 

 where it is ground and again mixed with water; then pumped into 

 a separate building, where it is bleached. After undergoing some 



