422 PAPER IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



CONSUMPTION. 



Paper is used for cigarettes, writing, and wrapping. Ci-garette 

 paper represents about 60 per cent of the whole amount consumed. 

 It is manufactured in France, cut and made into packages at Con- 

 stantinople. The package covers are made and printed in Austria. 

 About 30 per cent of the paper is for writing. It is of two classes 

 thin, fine, cross ruled for Armenian writing, and heavier, unruled 

 for Turkish writing. The former embraces most of the commercial 

 writing and the latter the Government writing paper. The re- 

 mainder of that consumed is for wrapping, pasting over windows in 

 place of glass in winter, etc. A small amount (perhaps 0.2 per cent) 

 is used for the three weekly official newspapers. No other printing 

 is permitted in the district. As the Koran is printed or written on 

 paper, the use of paper for sanitary purposes is strictly forbidden. 



The terms were formerly thirty to ninety-one days' credit at Con- 

 stantinople, but since the disturbances of the last few years business 

 is conducted largely on a cash basis. 



It is estimated that $800,000 worth of all sorts of paper is annually 

 imported into this consular district. 



There are no paper firms, companies, or brokers of any im- 

 portance in this district, but numerous merchants buy and retail 

 paper, together with other goods. 



No paper pulp is used. The consumption of paper is not likely 

 to increase in the near future. 



France supplies all the cigarette paper, which is the most im- 

 portant item. Austria supplies practically all the rest of the paper 

 used. 



WATER AND RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION. 



There is a considerable amount of water power, most of which is 

 undeveloped. There are no navigable water ways. The trading 

 port is Samsoun, on the Black Sea, twelve days' journey from Sivas. 

 The nearest railroad terminus is at Angora, eighteen to twenty days' 

 journey from Sivas. The trains on the Angora Railroad do not 

 travel at night, and two days are required for the trip from Constan- 

 tinople to Angora. 



FUEL AND RAW MATERIAL. 



Cow manure is the chief fuel. Wood is scarce and very dear in 

 the towns. No coal is mined or imported. So far as I can learn, 

 there are no forests of trees or any vegetable fibers suitable for 

 making paper anywhere in this district, except wheat and barley 

 straw. No rags are collected for export. Clothes are worn almost 

 to the last shred. 



There are no facilities for making paper machinery. 



