462 USES OF WOOD PULP. 



whereupon it is smoothed and washed, and is then ready for use. 

 Eight or ten weeks after the composition has been laid, and at least 

 once a year thereafter, the flooring should be thoroughly rubbed 

 with linseed oil. Wax gives the surface a higher polish, but, inci- 

 dentally, makes walking uncertain. 



The manner of making wood pulp in Austria-Hungary seems to 

 resemble the methods employed in other countries. The wood (pine 

 is generally used here) is brought into the factory and cut in lengths 

 of about 20 inches. Pieces partially decayed are thrown out and 

 the rest is stripped of bark. If these billets are too large, they are 

 split. The wood is now brought to a so-called defibrinizer. This 

 machine consists of a cylinder of sandstone, of not too fine grain 

 and about 40 inches in diameter. The wood, confined in several 

 cast-iron compartments, is forced generally by hydraulic pressure 

 against the revolving stone, on which jets of water are thrown. A 

 cylinder of 40 inches in diameter is made to revolve about one 

 hundred and sixty times a minute. After the wood has been ground 

 in this manner, splinters and chips are extracted from the fluid mass 

 by means of a large vibrating sieve, and the pulp then goes to a sort- 

 ing machine. The coarse fibers retained by this machine are placed 

 in a refiner and then reduced by millstones to a consistent mass. 

 The fibers are now brought to another machine, where the water is 

 expressed. In manufacturing paper, the wood pulp containing 60 

 per cent of water is used, and if the pulp is to be stored for later con- 

 sumption it is pressed until there is but 10 per cent of water left. 

 When finally used it is softened in vats, finely ground, and then 

 brought into the paper machines. 



Brown wood pulp is produced by steaming. After the wood is cut 

 the length of the compartments of the defibrinizer, the bark is taken 

 off, although this is done more easily after the steaming. The pulp 

 is not, however, so fine if the bark is left. The blocks are now put 

 in vats, and steam is introduced to a pressure of 4 or 5 atmospheres. 

 The color of the pulp varies according to the time the wood is steamed, 

 running from pale yellow to dark brown. Usually, the wood is 

 steamed under a pressure of 5 atmospheres from eight to fourteen 

 hours. The grinding of the steamed wood is performed as in mak- 

 ing the white pulp, and the remaining stages are similar to those in 

 the manufacture of the more used variety. 



The addresses of manufacturers of wood pulp in Austria-Hungary, 

 as requested by the Department, are given in the following list. The 

 particular pulp, white or brown, usually produced by each firm is 

 specified. 



Admont sche Stift, Holz- und Patentpappenfabrik, in Admont; 

 white. 



Adolf & Dix, in Grossaupa; white. 



