on the bole and generally not higher than 6 or 8 feet. It 

 alsofrextends its 'vorkings under ground to considerable depth. 

 The adults in excavating the egg galleries, form large red- 

 dish or purplish pitch tubes on the bark. The eggs are de- 

 posited near the sides of the galleries and the larvae or 

 grubs do not excavate separate galleries, but associate in 

 array formation, excavating large chambers and destroying all 

 the inneri.nst layers of the bark within the circumference of 

 the chamber. The transformation to the adult beetle usually 

 takes place in cells formed in the cambium outside or on the 

 margins of this chamber. Adults are dark reddish brown and 

 about one -quarter to three -eighths of an inch long. No mail/, 

 they are found on trees attacked by other species of insects. 

 Many emerge from the same exit hole. 



When numerous they often primarily attack healthy 

 trees, especially in pole and sapling stands; or parts of 

 the trunks of mature trees, causing extensive scars, as a 

 result of which the bark eventually shells off. Pi;ie'stum~s 

 almost always breed this beetle as <vell as freshly cut cull 

 logs and butts left in the woods. 



This beetle may be recognized by its size, color, 

 large red pitch tubes, position on the tree and larval cham- 

 bers. Forest officers \ r ;ho once become familiar vith the spe- 

 cies can nover mistake it. 



-28- 



