172 GLUCOSIDES OTHER THAN TANNINS. 



alcohol, and is almost insoluble in ether. Cone, sulphuric acit 

 precipitates it from aqueous solution ; acetate of lead and chloride 

 of calcium, from alcoholic. Neese's method for the quantitative 

 determination of glycyrrhizin is based upon the precipitation by 

 sulphuric acid. 



For panaquillon, see Garriques j 1 for thevetin, compare de Vrij ;- 

 for chamcelirin, see Greene. 3 



Cyclamin (Primulin) is crystalline and dissolves freely in water ; 

 the solution froths when shaken. It is easily soluble in dilute 

 alcohol also, but sparingly in absolute, and insoluble in ether. 4 

 It is said to bear 'a close resemblance to saponin. (Of. 77 et seq.; 

 167.) 



For gratiolin, see Marchand 5 and Walz ; 6 for paridin, AValz 7 

 andDelffs. 8 



For convallarin and convallamar'm, see Walz. 9 The former is 

 sparingly soluble in water, but imparts to it the property of 

 frothing ; it is freely soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in ether. 

 The latter dissolves more easily in water, is precipitated by tannin, 

 and turns gradually violet when exposed to the air in contact 

 with sulphuric acid. Warming with hydrochloric acid colours, it 

 red. Convallamarin can be extracted by shaking with chloro- 

 form ( 55). 



Hellebonn and ketteborem. The former is sparingly soluble in 

 cold water, freely in alcohol and chloroform ; the latter easily in 

 water, more sparingly in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. It can 

 be extracted by shaking with chloroform ( 55). Both dissolve 



1 Chetn. Centralblatt, 721, 1854 (Amer. Journ. Pharm. xxvi. 511). 



2 N. Jahrb. f. Pharm. xxxi. 1, 1869. Compare also Jahresb. f. Pharm. 

 112, 1877 ; Bias, Amer. Journ. Pharm. xli. 310. 



3 Amer. Journ. Pharm. 1. 250, 1878. 



4 Compare Mutschler, Annal. d. Chem. und Pharm. clxxxv. 214, 1877 

 (Year-book Pharm. 145, 1878). See also Luca, Compt. Rend. Ixxxvii. 297, 

 1878 (Pharm. Journ. and Trans. [3], vii. 876, 1877). 



5 Journ. de Chim. med. xxi. 517 (Amer. Journ. Pharm. xvii. 281). 



6 Jahrb. f. Pharm. x. 317, xiv. 70, 1852, xxi. 1, 1863, where certain other 

 constituents of gratiola are also treated of. (Amer. Journ. Pharm. xxxi. 340). 



7 Jahrb. f. Pharm. iv. 3, v. 284, vi. 10 ; N. Jahrb. f . Pharm. xiii. ] 74, 

 1860. 



8 Ibid. ix. 25, 1858. 



9 Ibid. x. 145, 1858 (Amer. Journ. Pharm. xxi. 577). 



10 Compare Husemann and Marme, Annal. d. Chem. und Pharm. cxxxv. f>5, 

 1865 (Pharm. Journ. and Trans. [2], vii. 621, 1866). 



