SHRUBS xxiii 



32. Leaves crenate. p. 87. Evonymus. 

 Leaves dentate. p. 111. Aucuba. 

 Leaves serrate. p. 142. Viburnum. 



Leaves whorled. 



33. Leaves very small, white above. p. 14. Juniperus. 

 Leaves moderately large, not dagger-like. 34. 



34. Leaves rugose, with stipules. p. 140. Gardenia. 

 Leaves not rugose, without stipules. .. p. 117. Kalmia. 



35. At least with some prickles or spines. 36. 

 Without spines or pungent prickles. 66. 



Deciduous Shrubs Armed. 



36. Leaves 1 alternate, or clustered on alternate spurs. 37. 

 Leaves opposite, or else 4-ranked. 63. 



Leaves alternate. 



37. With prickles or pungent stipules only. 38. 

 With some leaf- or branch-spines. 49. 



38. With prickles only. 39. 



With pungent stipules (at side of leaf-base). 44. 



39. Leaves simple, lobed. p. 50. Ribes. 

 Leaves compound. 40. 



40. Leaves digitate or appearing so. 41. 

 Leaves 1 distinctly pinnate. 42. 



41. Leaflets stalked, usually hairy. p. 64. Rubus. 

 Leaflets sessile, glabrous. . p. 112. Acanthopanax. 



42. Leaves once pinnate. 43. 



Leaves bipinnate. p. 112. Aralia. 



43. Petioles breaking above the base. p. 64. Rubus. 

 Petioles disarticulating from the stem. p. 66. Rosa. 



44. Leaves simple. 45. 

 Leaves compound. 46. 



45. Fruit dry, winged. p. 98. Paliurus. 

 Fruit fleshy. p. 98. Zizyphus. 



46. Leaves aromatic, pellucid-dotted. p. 79. Zanthoxylum. 

 Leaves not aromatic. 47. 



47. Leaves with a terminal leaflet. p. 74. Robinia. 

 Leaves without a terminal leaflet. 48. 



