96 RHAMNACEAE 



and more crowded in spring, and fine closely but unequally 

 spaced medullary rays; moderate rounded twigs; roundish 

 continuous rather large pith; alternate raised or moderate 

 shield- or crescent-shaped leaf-scars with 3 sometimes com- 

 pound bundle-traces; no stipule-scars; sessile broadly ovoid 

 buds with about 2 exposed pointed scales; odd-pinnate or bi- 

 pinnate large leaves with coarsely toothed leaflets; small yel- 

 low perfect polypetalous flowers in large panicles; and bladder- 

 like few-seeded fruits. 

 Leaflets often lobed as well as toothed. K. paniculata. 



SAPINDUS. Soapberry. 



Usually trees, evergreen or deciduous, with scaly brown 

 bark; yellowish ring-porous wood with wavy tangential wood- 

 parenchyma pattern and very fine medullary rays; rather 

 slender somewhat angled twigs; continuous roundish pith; 

 alternate somewhat raised shield-shaped leaf-scars with 3 

 groups of aggregated bundle-traces; no stipule-scars; abruptly 

 pinnate leaves, with oblique falcate entire firm veiny leaflets; 

 superposed scaly round buds; inconspicuous polygamous poly- 

 petalous flowers in terminal clusters; and round finally black 

 berries with hard seeds. 

 Leaflets acuminate: petals ovate. S. Drummondii. 



Family RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family. 

 A rather small family, yielding the drug cascara sagrada; 

 the fruit of one Zizyplius is supposed to be the intoxicating 

 lotus of the ancients: some species are used in shrubbery 

 masses. 



BERCHEMIA. Supple-Jack. 



Deciduous twiners with slender terete stems with round 

 homogeneous pith; brownish wood with rather small diffused 

 ducts and fine medullary rays; alternate small raised elliptical 

 or crescent-shaped leaf-scars with 1 elliptical bundle-trace; ap- 

 pressed ovoid-conical buds with about 2 exposed scales; nearly 

 entire rather ovate moderate leaves; small more or less poly- 



