RHAMNACEAE &7 



famous greenish-white polypetalous flowers in small lateral 

 clusters; and elongated 2-seeded small drupes. 



Leaves with about 8 pairs of veins, cordate. B. racemosa. 



Leaves with about 10 pairs of veins, not cordate. B. scandens. 



CEANOTHUS. New Jersey Tea. 



Small deciduous half-shrubs, in the east, with red-brown 

 wood with minute ducts diminishing in size and number 

 through the season, and fine medullary rays; slender roundish 

 twigs; relatively large roundish homogeneous pale pith; alter- 

 nate somewhat raised small crescent-shaped leaf-scars with 3 

 bundle-traces; narrow stipule-scars; ovoid hairy buds with 

 encircling linear stipules, mostly developing the first season; 

 simple stalked serrate palmately-nerved relatively large leaves; 

 small perfect white or bluish polypetalous flowers in dense 

 terminal clusters; and small rounded few-seeded half-inferior 

 capsule the lower half of which persists as a cup. 

 Leaves ovate. C. americanus. 



Leaves elliptical-oblong. C. ovatus. 



RHAMNTJS. Buckthorn. 



Deciduous shrubs or small trees with rather hard usually 

 brown wood with minute ducts diffused (in Frangula) or in 

 more or less anastomosing radial patterns; rather slender 

 roundish twigs, sometimes spine-tipped: small continuous 

 pith; alternate or opposite transverse or half-round low leaf- 

 scars with 3 simple or compound bundle-traces; small stipule- 

 scars or stipules; opposite or 4-ranked scaly buds (or more or 

 less stalked alternate naked buds in Frangula) ; simple finely 

 toothed petioled lanceolate leaves; small greenish more or less 

 imperfect polypetalous flowers solitary or few in the axils: 

 and drupe- or berry-like rather small fruit with a papery 

 envelope to each of the few seeds. The growth of buckthorn 

 in the vicinity of wheat fields is discouraged because it harbors 

 the cluster-cup stage of the crown-rust (Puccinia) of wheat. 

 1. Buds scaly. 2. 



Buds naked: leaves not opposite. (Frangula). 4. 



