110 CORNACEAE 



entire stalked exceptionally alternate or whorled leaves often 

 whitened beneath and with very characteristic closely appressed 

 twinned hairs; small perfect polypetalous' flowers either in an 

 involucrate head or an open corymb; and small white or red 

 or blue inferior drupes. 



1. Low undershrubs. (Bunchberries). 2. 



Shrubs or occasionally small trees. (Dogwoods). 3. 



2. Leaves opposite. C. suecica. 

 Leaves whorled. C. canadensis. 



3. Leaves irregularly alternate. C. alternifolia. 

 Leaves opposite. 4. 



4. Leaves at most lighter green beneath. 5. 

 Leaves whitened beneath. 8. 



5. Twigs or lower surface of leaves somewhat woolly. 6. 

 Twigs and leaves not woolly. 7. 



6. Lower surface silky, not granular. C. Amomum. 

 Leaves hairy and granular beneath. C. obliqua. 

 Leaves mostly woolly, not granular. C. sanguinea. 



7. Veins incurving to the leaf -tip; flowers crowded. C. mas. 

 Veins not curving into the tip: flowers in cymes. C. femina. 



8. Flowers in flower-like heads: fruit red. C. florida. 

 Flowers cymose: fruit white to blue. 9. 



9. Leaves loosely hairy or woolly beneath. 10. 

 Leaves not woolly. 12. 



10. Leaves rough above: twigs rough-hairy. C. asperifolia. 

 Leaves smooth above. 11. 



11. Leaves rather lanceolate. C. Baileyi. 

 Leaves rounded, acuminate: twigs greenish. C. rugosa. 



12. Twigs rather gray, cymes elongated. C. racemosa. 

 Twigs green turning yellow: cymes flat. C. alba flaviramea. 

 Twigs very red or purple in winter: cymes flat. 13. 



13. Twigs red. 14. 



Twigs purple. C. alba Kesselringii. 



14. Rather erect: buds elongated (5-8 mm. including 



stalk) : twigs bright red. C. alba sibirica. 



Drooping and rooting: lateral buds nearly s'essile, short 



(3 mm.): twigs rather purplish. C. stolonifera. 



