CLETHBACEAE 113 



roundish twigs; rounded spongy pale pith; alternate somewhat 

 raised U-shaped leaf-scars with 5 bundle-traces; no stipule- 

 scars; ovoid sessile buds with several exposed scales; broadly 

 ovate palmately lobed (or, on fruiting plants and capable of 

 being propagated separately as a bush, H. Helix arborea, lance- 

 olate and unlobed) moderate leaves; small perfect greenish 

 polypetalous flowers in panicled umbels; and few-seeded in- 

 ferior berries. 

 Leaves of young plants usually 5-lobed, pale-veined. H. Helix. 



Family CLETHRACEAE. Pepper Bush Family. 

 A very small family of no considerable importance: the 

 following rather effective in shrubberies. 



CLETHRA. Pepper Bush. White Alder. 

 Usually deciduous shrubs with flaking bark; brownish 

 wood with minute diffused ducts and close relatively heavy 

 medullary rays; moderate angled twigs; angled homogeneous 

 pale pith; alternate low crescent- or shield-shaped small leaf- 

 scars with 1 bundle-trace; small hairy buds stalked or usually 

 developing the first season; moderately large toothed short- 

 stalked leaves; small perfect cup-shaped polypetalous flowers 

 in elongated terminal clusters; and small rounded capsules. 



1. Leaves scarcely widened upwards. C. acuminata. 

 Leaves widest above the middle: stamens glabrous. 2. 



2. Leaves glabrate. 3. 



Leaves persistently stellate-hairy "beneath. C. tomentosa. 



3. Flowers white. C. alnifolia. 

 Flowers rosy. C. alnifolia rosea. 



Family PYROLACEAE. Shin-leaf Family. 

 A small family of evergreen herbs of no economic value 

 but sometimes effective as undershrubs and among the most 

 attractive of the small plants of the woods. 



CHIMAPHILA. Pipsiss'ewa. 



Scarcely woody evergreens with short simple erect stems; 

 few rather lanceolate toothed moderate-sized more or less clus- 



