CAPKIFOLIACEAE 143 



8. Veins distinct to the coarsely toothed margin. 9. 

 Veins looping or vanishing short of the margin. 13. 



9. Petioles without stipules. 10. 

 With slender stipules. 12. 



10. Twigs and leaves glabrous and smooth. V. dentatum. 

 Sparingly roughened with stellate hairs. 11. 



11. Fruit blue: leaves glabrous above. V. venosum. 

 Fruit red: both faces pubescent. V. dilatatum. 



12. Stipules much shorter than the petiole. V. molle, 

 Stipules longer than the very short petiole. V. pubescens. 



13. Leaves entire, revolute, dotted beneath. V. nudum. 

 Leaves more or less finely toothed. 14. 



14. Leaves dotted beneath. V. cassinoides. 

 Leaves not dotted. 15. 



15. Buds, petioles etc. very red-scurfy. V. rufidulum. 

 Buds etc. rather gray-brown, glabrescent. 16. 



16. Leaves small (about 4X6 cm.), scarcely taper-pointed: 



twigs often stiff and spreading. V. prunifoliurn. 



Leaves larger (about 5X8 cm.), acuminate. V. Lentago. 



17. Petiole without nectar-glands. 18. 

 Several nectar-glands on petiole. 19. 



18. Pubescent: glandless: with stipules. V. acerifolium. 

 Glabrate: lower teeth glandular: no stipules 1 . V.pauciflorum. 



19. Glands large (about 1 mm. in diameter). 20. 



Glands small (about 5 mm.). V. american'um. 



20. Some flowers fertile. 21. 



Flowers all showy and sterile. (Snowball). V.Opulus sterile. 



21. Dwarf. V. Opulus nanum. 

 Tall shrubs. (High-bush cranberry). 22. 



22. Sterile flowers large (25 mm.). V. Sargentii. 

 Sterile flowers rather small (15-20 mm.). 23. 



23. Fruit red. V. Opulus. 

 Fruit yellow. V. Opulus xanthocarpum. 



SYMPHOBICARPOS. 



Deciduous small shrubs with slender terete twigs; small 

 rounded continuous or evanescent pith; opposite somewhat 

 raised crescent-shaped leaf-scars with a single bundle-trace; 



