154 GLOSSARY 



End-bud. The characteristic growing tip of a stem or its 

 branch: sometimes replaced by a flower (magnolia) or 

 cluster of flowers (horse-chestnut) and then not found in 

 winter; and sometimes regularly cast off during the grow- 

 ing season (linden) or dying back before winter (willow). 



Endogens. Inside-growing plants, forming new wood, if at 

 all, as new threads between the old (Smilax, palms 1 etc.). 



Entire. With the margin neither toothed nor lobed, as applied 

 to leaves and leaflets. 



Epigynous. With calyx, corolla and stamens apparently origi- 

 nating from the upper part of the ovary, as in the apple. 



Evanescent. Quickly disappearing. 



Evergreen. Holding green foliage through the winter. 



Excavated. Hollowed between nodes, as applied to pith. 



Exfoliating. Peeling away (papery bark of canoe birch). 



Falcate. Sickle-shaped, curved to one side. 



Family. A natural group of plants comprising one or more 

 genera. Family names are usually derived from the name 

 of one of their genera, and then end in aceae. 



Fastigiate. With upright branches (Lombardy poplar). 



Filiform. Long and slender or thread-like, as applied to twigs, 

 petioles or flower-stalks. 



Fimbriate. Fringed. 



Fissured. Torn lengthwise, as applied to bark or pith. 



Flaking. The same as shredding, with shorter fragrants. 



Flame-shaped. Wavily branching from the pith toward the 

 bark, as applied to duct-pattern of such woods as chestnut 

 and oak, seen in cross-section. 



Fleshy or succulent. Employed in contrast with membrana- 

 ceous, leathery, etc., for leaves; in contrast with hard, for 

 stems in some cases; and in contrast with dry when ripe, 

 for fruits. 



Flower-scar. The scar from which a flower has fallen. 



Fluted. Ridged lengthwise (sycamore bud, young oak twig). 



Foliage sprays. Twigs which finally fall away carrying the 



