GLOSSARY 163 



contrasted with the cases in which there are more than 

 one, either collateral or side by side (oak, maple), or 

 superposed one above the other (walnut, honeysuckle). 



Spathe. A modified leaf or bract subtending a flower (nar- 

 cissus), a spadix (calla), or a loose cluster of flowers 

 (palms). 



Spathed. With a spathe. 



Spatulate. Oblong with the upper part rather abruptly widened. 



Species. A natural group of plants composed of individuals; 

 often comprising several minor forms, subspecies or var- 

 ieties. Specific names, when not substantives in apposition 

 (Acer Negundo) or in the gentitive (Viburnum Carlesii), 

 agree in number and gender with the name of the genus 

 (Quercus alba, Calycanthus floridus, Viburnum nudum). 



Spermatophytes. Seed- or flowering-plants. 



Spike. A simple elongated compact cluster of flowers or 

 sporangia. 



Spine. A pungent specialized form of the leaf (barberry) or 

 its stipules (locust) or tip (pea-tree), or of a twig (haw- 

 thorn, wild crab). 



Spinescent. Turning into spines, like the stipules' of locust. 



Sporangium. A spore-case. 



Spores. As here used, the dust-like bodies by which flower : 

 less plants or cryptogams are multiplied. 



Spreading. Used in contrast with appressed or closely applied 

 to the stem, for some leaves and buds; or to closely applied 

 to the leaf or twig etc., for some hairs. 



Spring wood. That formed at the beginning of each year's 

 layer: often marked by the crowding or large size of its 

 ducts, when the wood is spoken of as ring-porous. 



Spur. A short- or dwarf-branch of the stem: also applied to a 

 spur-like outgrowth of the flower, the angle of a wistaria 

 leaf-scar, etc. 



Spur-scar. The scar from which a dwarf-shoot has fallen 

 (pine). 



Stalked. As applied to buds, indicates that the .scales are 

 clustered at an observable distance from the point where 



