164 GLOSSARY 



the bud originates on the stem (alder). 



Staminate. Flowers/ that have stamens but no pistil: male 

 flowers. 



Standard. In horticulture, a small tree produced by grafting 

 a low-growing form on a trunk of the desired height. 



Star-shaped. With several points rather symmetrically orient- 

 ed about a common center, as in a sweet-gum leaf and the 

 scales on the leaves of deutzia. 



Stellate. The same as- star-shaped, when applied to hairs. 



Sterigmata. The raised bases from which some small ever- 

 green leaves finally fall (spruce). 



Sterile. Not producing fruit, neutral or staminate, as applied 

 to flowers. 



Stipellate. With stipule-like bodies at base of a leaflet. 



Stipular. Pertaining to or derived from stipules. 



Stipules. The small basal outgrowths of a leaf: sometimes 

 attached to its stalk (rose) ; occasionally more than 2 

 (viburnum) ; exceptionally hardened into spines (locust) ; 

 usually small or falling early in the season. 



Stipule-scars. Scars on the twigs, from which stipules have 

 fallen: sometimes forming a narrow line around the node 

 (magnolia), but usually short and small. 



Stomatiferous. Bearing stomata or "breathing pores." 



Stone. The hard inner part of a drupe. 



Striate. Striped, usually by alternating ridges and grooves. 



Style. The prolonged apex of a pistil or carpel. 



Sub-. Often used as a prefix in the sense of nearly, as in sub- 

 globose, subglabrous, subsessile, submarginal. 



Succulent. Fleshy (leaf of aloe or stonecrop, stem of cactus). 



Suckers. Adhering disks on tendrils (Boston ivy). 



Sulcate. Grooved. 



Summer wood. That formed in summer of each year, hence 

 the outer part of the annual layer: often with the fine 

 ducts in a characteristic grouping when seen in cross 

 section (oak, elm). 



Sunken. In depressions (buds of button-bush and coffee-tree). 



Superposed. One above another (buds of honeysuckle). 



