166 GLOSSARY 



Twining. Coiling about a support like the stem of morning- 

 glory: some tendrils also twine about supports. 



Twinned fruits. Formed from connate ovaries surmounted by 

 separate calyxes and corollas (partridge berry). 



Twinned hairs. Characteristic hairs of dogwood; a simple 

 form of stellate pubescence with only two rays, in a 

 straight line. 



Umbel. A flat- or round-topped flower-cluster with the stalks 

 rising from one point, asi in the carrot. 



Unarmed. With neither spines nor prickles. Some herbs and 

 tropical woody plants (nettles) are protected by stinging 

 hairs. 



Undershrub. A woody plant forming the ground-covering 

 under or between trees and larger shrubs: here made to 

 include evergreen herbs. 



Urceolate. Urn-shaped (flowers of heath). 



Valvate. With the edges meeting but not overlapping, as 

 applied to sepals, bud-scales (tulip tree), etc. 



Variegated. Striped or margined or mottled with some color 

 other than green, as applied to leaves. 



Variety. A subdivision of a species. When written trinomial- 

 ly, as in this book, varietal names that are adjectives agree 

 in number and gender with the generic name: when pre- 

 fixed by the abbreviation var., they are feminine. 



Veins. The woody bundles in a leaf. 



Velvety. Essentially the same as downy. 



Vernal. The same as spring, as applied to wood. 



Vertical. With edges vertical, as applied to foliage-sprays. 



Villous. With long spreading hairs. 



Vine. A slender-stemmed climbing or trailing plant: classical- 

 ly, the grape vine. 



Weeping. Conspicuously drooping or pendent, as applied to 

 branches and twigs. 



Whorl. A group of 3 or more branches, flowers, or leaves, 

 coming from one point on the stem. Whorled leaves are 

 frequently found in place of opposite leaves (deutzia, 



