224 PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS 



made just below a node, as roots seem to form more readily 

 at this point. The top is cut some distance above the 

 highest bud. Usually the stem is of the present or past 

 season's growth rather than of older wood, although with 

 some plants the base is often cut at the annual ring just 

 below the past season's growth. This method of making 

 cuttings is used with currants, gooseberries, grapes, dog- 

 woods, willows, poplars, and many of the ornamental 

 shrubs and trees. 



(2) A Heel Cutting is made like a simple cutting, but 

 with a small portion of the parent branch forming a heel 

 at its base. Some stems root most readily when cut in 

 this manner. 



(3) A Mallet Cutting is formed when an entire section 

 of the parent branch is removed instead of a heel. Often 

 plants that will not take root by simple cuttings are easily 

 propagated by this form. Many evergreens and some 

 deciduous trees root more readily from mallet and heel 

 cuttings than from the other cuttings. 



(4) One-eye Cuttings may be used when a large stock 

 of cuttings is desired from few plants. These consist of 

 stem cuttings having but one bud, the stem being cut a 

 short distance below and above a bud. These cuttings 

 often require artificial heat to stimulate their callusing. 

 If made in the fall, the cuttings may be layered in a box of 

 sand and placed in a cool greenhouse over winter. In 

 planting out in the spring, they should be placed hori- 

 zontally about an inch below the surface of a moist and 

 finely prepared soil. As such plants are not so strong as 

 those from two-eye or three-eye cuttings, greater care is 

 necessary in planting. It is not advisable to use them 

 except when more vigorous cuttings are unavailable. 



