90 



HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS 



CLA 



bearing pinnate leaves and long, dense 

 racemes of whitish flowers. It is a very orna- 

 mental tree, flowering freely in August, and 

 being quite hardy, is a decidedly useful addi- 

 tion to the shrubbery or lawn. It was intro- 

 duced from the Amoor Valley in 1880. 

 Clammy. Viscid, sticky. 



Cla'rkia. In honor of Captain Clarke, who 

 accompanied Captain Lewis in his journey to 

 the Rocky Mountains. Nat. Ord. OnagracecB. 

 A genus of hardy annuals, mostly from Cal- 

 ifornia. The whole of the species are indis- 

 pensable to every flower garden where annuals 

 are grown. The first sowing should take place 

 in September ; a few will survive the winter, 

 and afford an early bloom in the following 

 season. The next and principal sowing should 

 be done in March, and a few more put in about 

 the end of April, together with those trans- 

 planted, will continue a fine display through 

 the whole summer. They grow in any soil, 

 so that the situation is open or free from the 

 drip of trees, and merely require to be thinned 

 to about a foot from each other. This rule 

 will apply to nearly all those that are known 

 as "tender annuals." 



Clary. Salvia Sclarea. A biennial plant of 

 the order Labiates, a native of the south of 

 France, Switzerland and of Italy. It has been 

 under cultivation as a pot-herb, for seasoning 

 soups, since early in the sixteenth century. 

 It is grown in the same manner as the common 

 sage, Salvia officinalis. 



Clavate. Club-shaped, as where any organ, 

 slender at the base, gradually enlarges to- 

 wards the apex, as the filaments of Thalictrum 

 clavatum. 



Claw. The long, narrow base of some petals, 

 analogous to the footstalk of leaves, as in 

 Dianthus. 



Clayto'nia. Spring Beauty. Named after Dr. 

 John Clayton, an early American botanist. 

 Nat. Ord. Portulacacece. 



A genus of very pretty, hardy plants, of 

 either annual or perennial duration. The for- 

 mer only require to be sown where they are to 

 remain, and the latter succeed when planted 

 in loam without further trouble. Their 

 flowers are either white or pink of various 

 shades. Several tuberous-rooted perennial 

 species are found in moist woods in this 

 country from Virginia westward to California. 

 They do not differ materially from the annual 

 species in flowering, and are worthy of 

 cultivation. 



Cleavers or Clivers. See Galium. 



Cleiao'stoma. From Ttleio, to close, and stoma, 

 a mouth ; in allusion to the mouth of the spur 

 being closed. Nat. Ord. Orchidacece. 



A genus of East Indian epiphytal orchids, 

 the several species of which, are beautiful 

 plants, although most of them have small 

 flowers, a fact that renders them unpopular 

 with orchid growers. They require the same 

 treatment as the Aerides. 



Cle'matis. Virgin's Bower. From klema, a 

 vine-branch; in reference to their climbing 

 like a vine. Nat. Ord. Ranunculacece. 



An extensive genus of handsome twining 

 shrubs, natives of North America, Europe, 

 Japan, and occasionally met with in Australia, 

 Asia, and Africa. C. Virginiana is the well- 



CLE 



known Virgin's Bower, a species common in 

 the woods and roadsides of New York south- 

 ward. There are several other species com- 

 mon in this country. C. flammula, the sweet- 

 scented Virgin's Bower, is much admired for 

 its gracefulness, delicious fragrance, and poeti- 

 cal associations. For the many large-flowering 

 varieties we are indebted to Sieboldt and For- 

 tune, who discovered them in Japan. From 

 the several species introduced by them very 

 many varieties have been produced, among 

 which is C. Jackmanii. a variety with large pur- 

 ple flowers, very showy, and deservedly popu- 

 lar. Some of the varieties are pure white, with 

 both double and single flowers. The whole 

 of them are quite hardy, though the young 

 growth should be protected the first winter. 

 They delight in a strong, rich soil, and for 

 climbing up stumps of old trees, training to 

 trellises, covering arbors or verandas, or 

 planting to droop over amongst rock-work, no 

 plants are more suitable or will make a more 

 gorgeous display. Not only are they well 

 adapted for running up all kinds of supports, 

 festooning, etc., but many of the grand hy- 

 brid varieties, are equally suitable for 

 trailing over the surface of the ground, and 

 covering beds, either alone or associated with 

 a few distinct foliaged plants. They are pro- 

 pagated by layering the young shoots in sum- 

 mer or by root grafting on some of our stronger 

 growing native varieties. The shoots of the 

 half-ripened young wood can also be freely 

 rooted by cuttings during the summer 

 months. C. crispa, a native species, is very 

 popular, and deservedly so. The flowers, of 

 medium size, are of beautiful purple, and 

 deliciously fragrant ; a characteristic absent 

 from most of the class. C. coccinea, a recent 

 introduction from Texas, presents us with a 

 new and desirable color. 



Cleo'me. From kleio, to shut ; in reference to 

 the parts of the flower. Nat. Ord. Ca/pparl- 

 dacecB. 



An extensive genus, consisting of tropical 

 shrubs, annuals and biennials, which are not 

 suitable for general cultivation. This genus, 

 however, contains several very curious and 

 pretty indigenous annuals, with white, rose, 

 and purple flowers, natives of the Southern 

 and Western States. They are all easy of 

 cultivation. They should be started in a hot- 

 bed, and the plants put out in the open border 

 at the proper season for tender annuals. 



Clerode'ndron. From kleros, a chance, and 

 dendron, a tree ; said to be owing to the 

 uncertainty of the medicinal qualities. Nat. 

 Ord. Verbenaceoe. 



It is difficult to conceive more beautiful 

 objects than several members of this genus 

 when well cultivated. Cuttings taken off any 

 time during summer root readily, or in winter 

 in gentle heat, and should be kept in small 

 pots through the succeeding winter, on a 

 shelf or underneath a bench in the green- 

 house. About the first of February repot 

 them, giving them a liberal shift. The soil 

 should be light and very rich. To flower 

 freely, they require frequent shiftings from 

 smaller into larger pots. With this treatment 

 they can be made to bloom continually during 

 the entire season. Old plants can be grown 

 on with occasional shiftings, and make splen- 

 did plants for garden decoration during sum- 



