92 



HENDEESON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS 



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Olivia nobilis, the only species, is a robust 

 growing plant, which, once established, is 

 very prolific of flowers. It grows well in 

 sandy loam, if allowed the warmest part of 

 the green-house, or a cool shelf in the hot- 

 house. Its flowers, which are produced in a 

 pendulous umbel, are of a delicate flesh color 

 throughout the greater part of the tube, 

 heightening to a deep red over the limb, the 

 segments of which are bright green. It is 

 increased by division of the roots. Native 

 of the Cape of Good Hope. Introduced in 

 1823. Syn. Imantophyllum Aitoni. 

 Cloud-Berry. See Rubus Chamazmorus. 



Cloud Grass. A common name for Agrostis 

 nrbulosa. 



Clover. The common name for Trifolium, 

 especially applied to the kinds cultivated for 

 hay and pasture. 



Cloves. The small bulbs formed within the 

 mother-bulb of certain plants; such as 

 garlic. 



Clove Tree. Caryophyllus aromaticus. The 

 Cloves of commerce are the dried unexpanded 

 flower buds. 



Club-moss. The common name of Lycopodium 

 clavatum. 



Club Root. A disease of the most destructive 

 character, which frequently attacks Cabbage, 

 Cauliflower, and other plants of the Brassica 

 tribe. There is a great deal of misconception 

 as to what is the cause of Club Hoot, it being 

 attributed variously to wet land, dry land, hog 

 manure, and several other causes that have 

 got nothing to do with it whatever. All observ- 

 ing horticulturists who have had experience 

 in the cultivation of Cabbage or Cauliflower, 

 in any vicinity where there is an oyster shell 

 deposit, know that the Club Boot is never 

 seen in any soil wherein there is an admixture 

 of oyster shells. Thousands of acres on the 

 shores of the Atlantic coast, on Long Island 

 and in New Jersey, have just such soils, and 

 there Cabbage crops have been grown for 

 upward of fifty years successively without a 

 sign of this disease ; while in other soils only 

 a few hundred yards distant, but having no 

 mixture of oyster shell in the soil, it is found 

 that Cabbages cannot be grown successively on 

 the same soil without being attacked by Club 

 Root. The inference is, therefore, plain, that 

 the insect causing the disease called Club 

 Hoot cannot exist in contact with the lime of 

 the oyster shell ; for that the disease is caused 

 by an insect is well proven, as it is found that 

 the excrescence known as Club Boot, when 

 examined, is found to contain a small, whitish, 

 grub-like larva. It is evident that the grow- 

 ing crop of Cabbage invites in some way the 

 perfect insect ; for it is found, that if Cabbage 

 is planted for the first time on new soil, it is 

 rarely attacked by Club Boot, while if planted 

 the next year on the same soil, if lime is not 

 present, it is almost certain to be attacked ; 

 and for this reason it is fair to presume that 

 the perfect insect, allured by the Cabbage 

 crop, deposits its eggs in the soil, which re- 

 main undeveloped until the next season, 

 when they are hatched and attack the roots of 

 the Cabbage plants, and thus bring on the 

 disease. As an evidence of the correctness of 

 this belief, we never fail to find, for example, 

 if we plant alongside of each other, a crop of 



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Cabbage and a crop of Potatoes or Beets, 

 that if the succeeding year we plant the 

 whole with Cabbage, the part only that was 

 planted with Cabbage the year before will be af- 

 fected by Club Boot, and the parts planted with 

 Potatoes or Beets will escape. From our ex- 

 perience that Cabbage planted in soils mixed 

 with oyster shells is exempt from Club Boot, 

 it is evident that the lime in the oyster shells 

 is the agent destructive to the insect ; there- 

 fore, in soils having no oyster shells, we have 

 found if air-slacked lime is put on at the rate 

 of 150 bushels to the acre after plowing, and 

 well harrowed in, so as to mix it with the soil, 

 that it in most cases will destroy the larvse 

 which causes Club Boot. We have also found, 

 from its containing large quantities of lime, 

 that Bone Dust, used as a fertilizer at the rate 

 of one to two tons per acre, is another almost 

 certain antidote against Club Boot. We 

 would advise the use of lime after all plowing, 

 but the Bone Dust should only be put on be- 

 fore the crop is planted in spring. 



Club-rush or Bulrush. The common name of 

 the genus Scirpus, a common marsh plant ; 

 also applied to Typha lalifolia. 



Clu'sia. Balsam Tree. Named in honor of 

 Clusius of Atrois, author of Historia Plan- 

 tarium, and many other works, 1526-1609. 

 Nat. Ord. Guttiferce. 



A genus of evergreen trees or shrubs, often 

 epiphytal, peculiar to tropical America, and 

 growing in very humid hot places. Nearly 

 sixty species are enumerated, many of which 

 yield resin from the flowers, as well as from 

 the trunks and branches. 



Clustered. Where numerous similar parts are 

 collected in a close, compact manner, as in 

 the flowers of Cuscula. 



Cni'cus Benedictus. Blessed Thistle. An 

 annual herb, with smoothish, clasping, 

 scarcely pinnatifid cut leaves, and large 

 bracted heads of yellow flowers. Native of 

 Europe, scarcely naturalized southwards. 

 The genus Cirsium, is included in the genus 

 by some botanists. 



Cobae'a. Named in honor of B. Cobo, a Spanish 

 botanist. Nat. Ord. Polemoniacece. 



The two known species of these plants 

 are elegant, fast-growing climbers, which 

 may be grown in the green-house, the 

 conservatory, or the garden in summer, 

 where, from their rapid development, they 

 are particularly desirable for covering walls, 

 arbors, or other objects of a similar nature. 

 It is preferable to treat them as annuals. The 

 seed should be sown in March, in light, rich 

 soil, on a gentle heat. The young plants 

 should be potted separately into small pots, 

 as soon as they can be handled with safety, 

 using the same kind of soil, and, after being 

 gradually inured to the temperature they are 

 likely to be subject to in their after growth, 

 may finally, when about a foot in height, be 

 placed where they are to remain. It is sel- 

 dom that seed is matured in the open air, but 

 in a green-house or conservatory it is pro- 

 duced abundantly. C. scandens, the species 

 in general cultivation, is a native of Mexico, 

 and was introduced in 1792. A white flowered 

 variety of C. scandens originated here in 1872, 

 and one with variegated leaves in 1874. 



