AND GENERAL HORTICULTURE. 



139 



ELK 



scape nearly three feet high, pure white and 

 fragrant, closely resembling Ismene. They 

 require green house treatment. To bring 

 them into flower, water should be withheld 

 after their season's growth, until the flower 

 spike appears, when they should have the 

 warmest position in the green-house, with 

 plenty of air and water. Propagated by off- 

 sets. Introduced in 1837. 



Elk-Bark. Magnolia glauca. 



Elk's-hora Fern. Platycerium alcicorne. 



Elloboca'rpus oleraceus. Pod Fern. A syn- 

 onym of Ceratopteris thalictroides, which see. 



Elm. American, or White. Ulmus Americana. 

 American Cork, or Rock. Ulmus racemosa. 

 Moose, Red, or Slippery. Ulmus fulva,. 

 Witch, 'or Wych. Ulmus Montana. 



Elo'dea. Water Thyme. From elodes, a marsh ; 

 the habitation of the plants. Nat. Ord. 

 HydrocharidacecB. 



A small genus of aquatic or marshy plants, 

 natives of this country and western Asia. E. 

 Virginica is rather a handsome plant, with 

 flesh or pink-colored flowers, disposed in axil- 

 lary or terminal clusters. 



Elongated. Lengthened or stretched out ; when 

 any part of an organ is in any way remarkable 

 for its length in comparison with its breadth. 



E'lymus. Lyme-Grass. Wild Rye. According 

 to Linnaeus it is named from elyo, to cover. 

 Nat. Ord. Graminacece. 



A genus of strong-growing grasses, inhabi- 

 tants of both the new and the old worlds. 

 Some of the species are grown for economic 

 purposes, others for their ornamental charac- 

 ter. E. arenarius affords the nearest approach 

 to a grain crop attainable by the Icelanders, 

 and this only can be cultivated in very favor- 

 able localities. They highly appreciate the 

 seeds, call them Melur, and eat them raw or 

 made into cakes. It is also useful for binding 

 moveable sand hills, etc., by means of its long 

 creeping rhizomes. E. histrix, is a native 

 species, and is grown for ornamental pur- 

 poses. It is popularly known as Bottle-brush 

 Grass, and is referred by Gray to the genus 

 Gymnostichum. 



Emarginate. Having a small notch in the end, 

 as if a piece had been taken out. 



Embossed Cypress. See Glyptostrobus. 



Embryo. The rudiment of a plant contained in 

 the seed. It makes its first appearance soon 

 after the pollen has fertilized the ovule. 

 Fixed embryo, a leaf bud. 



Empetra'ceae. A natural order of shrubs with 

 heath-like, evergreen leaves, without stipules, 

 and small axillary flowers, which are usually 

 imperfect. They are natives chiefly of the 

 northern parts of Europe and America. There 

 are four known genera and five species. 

 Empetrum, Ceratiola and Corema are examples 

 of the order. 



Empe'trum. Crake-berry, or Crow-berry. From 

 en, upon, and petros, a rock ; in allusion to the 

 place of growth. Nat. Ord. Empetracece. 



E. nigrum, a native hardy species, is an 

 ornamental evergreen, low-spreading, heath- 

 like shrub, bearing edible brownish-black ber- 

 ries ; well adapted for a damp situation on a 

 rockery. 



ENG 



Encephala'rtos. From en, within, kephals, the 

 head, and artos, bread ; the inner part of the 

 top of the trunk being farinaceous. Nat. Ord. 

 Cycadacece. 



This is a small genus separated from Zamia. 

 They are in all respects very similar plants, 

 require the same treatment, and are natives 

 principally of the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Several of the species are valuable decorative 

 plants. 



Enchanter's Nightshade. See Circcea. 



Encholi'rion. A genus of BromeliacecB, consist- 

 ing of a few Brazilian herbaceous plants, 

 usually referred to Vriesia, which see. 



Endive. Cichorium Endivia. This hardy annual 

 is a native of the East Indies, and is consid- 

 ered a valuable salad at a time when few other 

 vegetables are furnished for the table. .Like 

 the lettuce, its leaves are used before its flow- 

 ering stem begins to appear. These leaves 

 are very hard and bitter when exposed to the 

 air ; they are therefore blanched, and if this 

 be properly performed they become crisp and 

 tender, and retain only an agreeable bitter- 

 ness. Many varieties of the Endive are 

 included in seedsmen's lists, all of which are 

 the results of selection and cultivation. 



Endive. Wild. See Cichorium. 



Eudocarp. The lining of a carpel ; the inner 

 surface or lining of a fruit, representing at 

 that time the upper surface of a carpellary 

 leaf. The stone of a Cherry is its endocarp. 



Endogens. A large class of plants to which the 

 name of Monocotyledons is also given. "They 

 have a cellular and vascular system, the latter 

 exhibiting spiral vessels. Their stem is endo- 

 genous, that is to say, increases in diameter 

 by the addition of woody vessels towards its 

 interior, the outer part being the oldest and 

 densest, and hence the name Endogens, 

 in ward -growers; bundles of woody, spiral, 

 and pitted vessels are scattered throughout 

 the cellular tissue; there is no pith, no separ- 

 able bark, no woody rings or zones, and no 

 true medullary rays. The age of woody Endo- 

 gens cannot be determined by counting con- 

 centric rings, as in Exogens. The leaves are 

 usually continuous with the stem, and do not 

 fall off by articulations ; and when at length 

 they separate, their bases leave marks or 

 scars at definite intervals on the stem, as may 

 be seen in Palms. The stems of Endogens 

 are often subterranean, in the form of corms, 

 rhizomes, or bulbs. The leaves have stom- 

 ates, and their venation is usually parallel, 

 though in a few cases it is slightly reticulated. 

 The flowers have stamens and pistils, and 

 three-membered symmetry. The ovules are 

 contained in an ovary, and the embryo has 

 one cotyledon, or seed lobe, whence they are 

 called monocotyledonous. 



Endosmose. That force which causes a viscid 

 fluid lying within a cavity to attract to itself 

 a watery fluid through an organic membrane. 



Engelma'nnia. Named in honor of George Engel- 

 mann, of St. Louis, a celebrated botanist. Nat. 

 Ord. Composite?. 



E. pinnatifida, the only species, is an erect, 

 hardy perennial herb, with golden-yellow 

 flowers one to two inches in diameter. It 

 grows one to two feet in height, and thrives 

 in ordinary garden soil. It was introduced to 

 cultivation from the western prairies in 1881. 



