AND GENERAL HORTICULTURE. 



465 



TUB 



being linear and pointed. It is very hardy, 

 and forms a beautiful, erect, densely branched 

 tree. 



Tubaeform. Hollow, and dilated at one extrem- 

 ity like the end of a trumpet. 



Tube. The part of a mono-sepalous calyx or 

 corolla, formed by the union of the edges of 

 the sepals or petals ; also applied to adhesions 

 of stamens. 



Tuber. See Truffle (Tuber cibarium). 



Tuber. A roundish, underground, succulent 

 stem, covered with buds, from which new 

 plants or tubers are produced, as the Potato ; 

 a receptacle of vegetable food. 



Tubercle. Any small, warty excrescence. 



Tuberose. See Polianthes tuberosa. 



Tulba'ghia. In honor of Tulbagh, a Dutch gov- 

 ernor of the Cape of Good Hope. Nat. Ord. 

 LiliacecB. 



A small genus of evergreen perennials, na- 

 tives of the Cape of Good Hope. T. violacea 

 is a very beautiful plant. The flowers are 

 violet-purple, produced in a many-flowered 

 umbel, somewhat like those of the Agapanthus, 

 to which the genus is allied. Propagated by 

 division. 



Tulip. See Tulipa. 



Tu'lipa. The Tulip. Nat. Ord. Liliacece. 



The Tulip derives its name from the Persian 

 word Thoulyban, a turban ; an Eastern head- 

 dress, sometimes made in the form of a well- 

 shaped Tulip. Tulips are divided into several 

 classes, and of these we shall speak in the 

 order of their flowering. The single and 

 double varieties of the Due Van Thol, of which 

 the type is Tulipa suaveolens (from the Latin 

 suavis, sweet), are the earliest and most suit- 

 able for pot culture or forcing. If, in autumn, 

 they are planted singly, in small pots of light, 

 rich soil, they will flower extremely well in an 

 ordinary room, and contrast finely with Hya- 

 cinths in glasses. They should be frequently 

 exposed to fresh air, and will flower in water 

 like the Hyacinth, but with less certainty and 

 less luxuriance ; hence they are better grown 

 in pots of soil. The Due Van Thol was 

 introduced into English gardens from the 

 south of Europe in 1603. Tiie Single Early 

 Tulip (Tulipa Gesneriana), the parent of our 

 ordinary garden varieties, is a native of 

 Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Calabria and cen- 

 tral Italy. Conrad Gesner, a Swiss naturalist, 

 in whose honor it was named, first made it 

 known by a description and drawing in April, 

 1559. He obtained his specimen in a garden 

 at Augsburg, where it was grown from seed 

 brought from Constantinople. It was first 

 flowered in England by Mr. James Garret, an 

 apothecary, in 1577. T. Turkestanica is, per- 

 haps, the earliest-flowering species of this 

 numerous family, coming in with the earliest 

 of spring-flowering bulbs. It is perfectly 

 hardy and has pretty, yellow flowers, which 

 are produced as many as six on a stem. This 

 plant, as the specific name implies, is a native 

 of Turkestan. We are indebted to Dr. Regel, 

 of St. Petersburg, for the introduction of this 

 and many other interesting plants. Of this 

 class of Early Single Tulips there is almost an 

 endless variety. They have received, for more 

 than two hundred years, all the care and atten- 

 tion that could possibly be bestowed on a 



TUL 



plant, not only by the Dutch florists, but by 

 every skilled gardener throughout the Old 

 World. Notwithstanding the "mania" has 

 passed over, one of the Haarlem florists this 

 season (1889) offers eighteen hundred varieties. 

 To select from a list so large with a view of 

 pleasing or of securing the most desirable, 

 would be to play a game of chance. Every 

 color and shade, except black, is represented, 

 either alone or mixed, striped, or shaded ; in 

 fact, every possible combination of color may 

 be obtained. Double Tulips are almost as 

 common as the single, many of them very 

 showy and desirable. But, like all others 

 who have made a specialty of the Tulip, we 

 could never admire the double as much as the 

 single varieties. Late flowering or Show 

 Tulips, of which so much has been said and 

 written, have been grown from seed by 

 millions, the result of which has been the 

 acquisition of many superb varieties. There 

 is a singularity in Tulips which belongs to no 

 other flower. The seedlings generally, when 

 they first bloom, produce flowers without any 

 stripes or markings, but with a yellow base, 

 the upright portion of the petals being self- 

 colored, brown, red, purple, scarlet or rose. 

 In this state, when they have been grown for 

 years without variation, they are called 

 Breeders or Mother Tulips. These are planted 

 every year until they break into stripes, when, 

 if the markings are fine, or different from any 

 known, they are named. It is often so many 

 years before they break, and the multiplica- 

 tion in the breeder state is so rapid, that the 

 border soon becomes filled with this self- 

 colored variety. Each person who has broken 

 one claims, and has a perfect right, to give it 

 a name ; but much confusion naturally exists, 

 because of the fact that different names have 

 been given to those that have broken almost ex- 

 actly alike. In abed of a hundred seedlings, it 

 is not probable that any two will be very nearly 

 alike in their markings. This uncertainty 

 adds greatly to the charm of Tulip cultivation. 

 The hope of something new in the markings 

 and penciling is a sufficient stimulant for the 

 enthusiast to persevere in his labor of love 

 until he has found one worthy of a name. One 

 singular feature in the Tulip is, that after it 

 breaks, it ever remains the same. Show Tulips 

 are divided into three classes : 1. Byblcemens, 

 such as have a white ground, variegated with 

 purple, the edges well feathered, the leaflets 

 erect, and the whole forming a perfect cup. 

 2. Bizarres, having a yellow ground, varie- 

 gated with scarlet, purple, rose or violet. 3. 

 Roses, with white ground, variegated with 

 rose-color, scarlet or crimson. The properties 

 of a good Tulip, as a florist's flower, are : 1. 

 The cup should form, when quite expanded, 

 from half to a third of a round ball. To do 

 this, the petals must be six in number, broad 

 at the ends, smooth at the edges, and the 

 divisions between the petals must scarcely 

 show an indenture. 2. The three inner petals 

 should set closely to the three outer ones, and 

 the whole should be broad enough to allow of 

 the fullest expansion without quartering, as it 

 is called, or exhibiting any vacancy between 

 the petals. 3. The petals should be thick, 

 smooth and stiff, and keep their form well. 

 4. The ground should be clear and distinct, 

 whether white or yellow. The least stain, 

 even at the lower end of the petal, renders a 



