480 



HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS 



VIN 



tivation. They are much used in cemeteries 

 for covering graves, the deep green of the 

 leaves contrasting with the delicate blue flow- 

 ers. There are varieties with gold and silver- 

 edged leaves, not quite hardy in the Northern 

 States, but considerably grown for basket 

 plants and conservatory decoration. V. rosea, 

 the Madagascar Periwinkle or Old Maid, is a 

 beautiful green-house plant with rose-colored 

 flowers. This species and its varieties, one 

 with pure white flowers, the other white with 

 a crimson eye, grow from twenty to thirty 

 inches high, and are completely covered with 

 flowers the entire summer. They do quite as 

 well planted in the open border as when 

 grown in the green-house. They were intro- 

 duced from the East Indies in 1758, and are, 

 consequently, tender, requiring nearly as 

 high a temperature as Coleus or Bouvardia. 

 These plants may be grown from cuttings or 

 from seed, the latter being preferable. The 

 seed should be sown in the hot-house or hot- 

 bed about the first of January, in an average 

 temperature of not less than 70, and grown 

 on in the same manner, and planted in the 

 flower-garden at the same time as other 

 tender-bedding plants. Planted eighteen 

 inches apart each way, they completely 

 cover the ground. Syn. Catharanthus. 



Vinceto'xicum. From vincere, to conquer, and 

 toxicum, poison ; in allusion to supposed anti- 

 dotal powers. Nat. Ord. Asclepiadacece. 



A genus of erect or twining perennial herbs 

 or sub-shrubs, natives of temperate and warm 

 regions, but rare in the tropics. The culti- 

 vated varieties are all hardy, and are best 

 known as Cynanchum. 



Vine. Any trailing or climbing stem. 

 Alleghany. See Adlumia cirrhosa. 

 Australian. Vitis hypoglauca and V. acetosa. 

 Balloon. See Cardiospermum. 

 Condor. Oonobolus Cundurango. 

 Currant. Vilis vinifera var. Corinthiaca. 

 Cypress. See Quamoclit vulgaris. 

 Elephant's. Cissus latifolia. 

 Fragrant Wild. Vitis riparia. 

 Glory. The genus Clianthus. 

 Golden. Stigmaphyllon ciliatum. 

 Granadilla. Passiflora quadrangularis. 

 Grape. The varieties of Vitis vinifera, V. Lab- 



ruHca, V. vulpina, etc. 

 Grape-flower. The genus Wistaria. 

 Hedge. Clematis Vitalba and C. Virginiana. 

 Kangaroo, or Kankuru. Cissus Anturtica. 

 Madeira. Boussingaultia Basseloides. 

 Maple. Menispermum Canadense. 

 Matrimony. Lycium vulgare. 

 Milk. A name sometimes used for Periploca 



grcBca. 

 Of Sodom. Supposed to be the Colocynth, 



Citrullus Colocynthus. 

 Pepper. Ampelopnis bipinnata. 

 Pipe. Aristolochia Sipho. 

 Poison. Rhus toxicodendron. 

 Potato. A common name for Ipommapandurata . 

 Silk. Periploca grceca. 

 Silver. A popular name for Sdndapsus argy- 



rcea. 



Silver of the West Indies. Pothos argyraa. 

 Smilax. See Myrsiphyllum. 

 Squaw. Mitchella repms. 

 Strainer. Luffa acutangula. 

 Variegated . Vitis ( Cisu) heterophilla variegata. 

 Wild-wood. Ampelopsis quinquefolia. 



Vinealis. Growing wild in vineyards. 



Vinegar Tree. Rhus tiphyna and Rhus glabra. 



Viola'ceee. A natural order consisting of herbs 

 and shrubs, usually with alternate and simple 

 leaves, furnished with stipules and axillary 

 flowers, either solitary or in cymes, racemes 

 or panicles. The flowers are often large and 

 showy, and the capsule of the greater num- 

 ber of genera opens in three very elastic 

 valves. There are between two and three 

 hundred species known, and over twenty gen- 

 era dispersed over nearly all parts of the 

 globe. Many of the species are well known 

 in cultivation. 



Violet. See Viola. 



Adder's. Goodyera pubescens. 



Bird's-foot. Viola pedata. 



Bog. The genus Pinguicula. 



Cape. lonidium Cupense. 



Corn. Specularia hybrida. 



Dame's. Hesperis matronalis. 



Dog's-Tooth. Erythronium Dens-canis. 



Dog's-Tooth. American. Erythronium Ameri- 

 canum. 



False. Dalibarda repens. 



Fringed. The genus Thysanotus. 



Green. See Solea. 



Mercury's. An old name for Campanula Me- 

 dium. 



Neapolitan. Viola odorata var. pallida plena. 



New Holland. Erpetion reniforme. 



Pyrenean. Viola cornuta. 



Rouen. Viola Rothomagensis. 



Russian. Viola suavis. 



Siberian. Viola uniflora. 



Spurless. The genus Erpetion. 



Spurred. Viola cnlcarata. 



Tooth. Dentaria bulbifera. 



Water. Hottonia palustris and H. inflata. 



Violet Wood or Myall Wood, of Australia. 



Acacia homalophylla. 

 Of Brazil. Supposed to be a species of Trip- 



tolomcea. 

 Of Guiana. Andira violacea. 



Vio'la. Violet, Heart's-ease, Pansy. The old 

 Latin name used by Virgil, etc., similar to the 

 Greek Ion. Nat. Ord. Violacece. 



This genus consists of more than one hun- 

 dred and fifty species, indigenous in North 

 America, Europe, Asia, China and Japan. 

 Some of the species occupy a prominent posi- 

 tion in the flower garden and the commercial 

 green-house. The genus includes V. odorata, 

 the well-known hardy English Violet, and its 

 many varieties, so common in cultivation. 

 This species, by common consent called Eng- 

 lish Violet, is indigenous throughout Europe, 

 parts of Asia, China and Japan. It is unques- 

 tionably the Violet of the ancients, as it is 

 correctly described by Dioscorides, who rec- 

 ommends it for its medicinal virtues, as well 

 as for its fragrance and beauty. Of this species 

 there are many varieties, and of these some 

 are white, some blue, some purple, light and 

 dark, and both single and double. The most 

 interesting and the most generally cultivated 

 are the Neapolitan and Russian Violets, and 

 of each of these there are varieties with 

 distinctive names. The Russian Violets are 

 credited to the species V. suavis by some 

 writers ; Loudon, however, says they are 

 varieties of V. odorata. Of the double kinds 

 the Neapolitan (light blue), and Maria Louise 



