522 



HENDERSON'S HANDBOOK OF PLANTS 



Table Showing the Amount of Seed Neces- 

 sary for an Acre, and the Number of 

 Pounds to the Bushel: 



No. Ibs. No. Ibs. 



toBu. to Acre. 



Alfalfa 60 12to 15 



AlsikeClover 60 5 to 8 



Barley 48 75 to 90 



Buckwheat 48 50 to 75 



English Rye Grass 28 75 to 100 



Flax 56 28to 42 



Hemp 44 30 to 60 



Henderson's Mixed Lawn Grass 21 78 to 100 



Hungarian. 48 40 to 50 



Johnson Grass 25 25 to 30 



Kentucky Blue Grass 14 40 to 50 



Millet 50 40 to 50 



Oats 2 to 3 bushels 



Orchard Grass 14 45 to 50 



Peas, Field 60 120 to 10 



Red Clover 60 12 to 14 



RedTop 14 30to 40 



Rye 56 75to 90 



SugarCane 50 6 to 8 



Timothy 45 25 to 40 



Wheat 60 60 to 90 



White Dutch Clover 60 5 to 8 



Average Gross Produce per Acre of the 

 Cereal Crops. Wheat, 20 to 25 bushels; 

 oats, 35 to 40 bushels ; barley, 35 to 40 bush- 

 els; rye, 25 to 30 bushels; peas, 25 bush- 

 els. 



Weights of various Farm Crops. Two and 



one-fifth cubic feet of new wheat weighs 112 

 Ibs. ; oats, 3.65 cubic feet, 112 Ibs. ; barley, 2.38 

 cubic feet, 112 Ibs. ; straw, in its usual condi- 

 tion, weighs 33^ Ibs. per cubic foot it may be 

 compressed to weigh nearly 6 Ibs. per cubic 

 foot; hay in like manner will weigh respect- 

 ively 5 and 8 Ibs. per cubic foot. A bushel of 

 grain when lying on the floor occupies a space 

 of one square foot, with a depth of 15 finches. 

 Turnips, about 1,000 Ibs. to the cubic yard ; 

 ruta-bagas, about 1,350 Ibs. ; mangel wurzeU, 

 about 1,100 Ibs.; potatoes, about 1,250 Ibs., 

 and carrots, about 1,100 Ibs. to the cubic yard. 

 A ton of Timothy hay in stack or mow, well 

 pressed, measures 480 cubic feet, or 6x8x10 

 feet. A ton of mixed Timothy and clover 

 measures 620 feet. A ton of mixed meadow 

 grasses measures 600 feet. 

 A ton of loose straw measure 900 feet. 



Average Weight per Acre of the Root and 

 Hay Crops. Turnips, 20 to 30 tons ; carrots, 

 25 tons ; potatoes, 6 to 12 tons ; hay, 1 to 2 

 tons ; clover hay, 2 tons. 



Average Weight of the Straw of the Cereal 

 Crops per Acre. Wheat, 3,000 to 3,500 Ibs. ; 

 oats, 2,000 to 2,500 Ibs. ; barley, 2,100 to 2,500 

 Ibs. ; rye, 4,000 to 5,000 Ibs. ; peas, 2,700 Ibs. 



STOCK. 



Value of different Foods compared with Hay. 

 One hundred pounds of good meadow hay are 

 estimated to be equivalent in feeding value to 

 80 Ibs. of clover, or vetch hay, 200 Ibs. of po- 

 tatoes, 460 Ibs. of beet-root with, and 250 Ibs. 

 without, the leaves, 250 Ibs. of carrots, 400 Ibs. 

 of wheat straw, 300 Ibs. of barley and oat 

 straw, 25 Ibs. of beans or peas, 50 Ibs. of oats 

 and 500 Ibs. of green clover or vetches. 



To Produce 1 Ib. of Flesh in Fattening Stock. 



It is calculated that it takes the consumption 

 of either 100 Ibs. of turnips, 50 Ibs. of pota- 

 toes, 25 Ibs. of milk, 9 Ibs. of oatmeal, 7 Ibs. 

 of barley meal, 7^ Ibs. of bread, the same 

 quantity of flour, and 7 Ibs. of peas or beans. 



Rate of Pulsation of the Animals of the Farm. 

 The horse, 32 to 38 pulsations per minute ; an 

 ox or cow, 25 to 42 ; a sheep, 70 to 79 ; the ass, 

 48 to 54 ; goat, 72 to 76 ; tlie dog, 90 to 100 ; 

 the cat, 110 to 120; the rabbit, 120; the Guinea- 

 pig, 140 ; of fowls, the hen, 140 ; the duck, 

 135. 



Periods of Gestation of Farm Animals. Cow, 

 from 240 to 321 days ; mare, 322 to 419 ; ewe, 

 146 to 161 days ; sow, 109 to 143 days ; rabbit, 

 20 to 35 days. 



Time Occupied to Hatch Eggs by various 

 Birds. Hen, 21 days ; duck, 28 days ; turkey, 

 26 days ; goose, 30 days ; pigeon, 18 days. 



Amount of Air required for Ventilation Pur- 

 poses by Man and by the Animals of the 

 Farm. If it be correct that when respiration 

 is performed naturally, there are about eight- 

 een respirations in one minute, and 1,080 in an 

 hour ; and that by each respiration a pint of 

 air is sent into the lungs, that is, eighteen 

 pints in a minute, or more than two hogsheads 

 in an hour, the effect impurity may produce is 

 evident. When the body is in a state of 

 health there will be seventy-two pulsations of 

 the heart in a minute. Every pulsation sends 

 to the heart two ounces of blood. Thus 144 



ounces are sent for purification to the lungs 

 every minute. The blood performs a com- 

 plete circuit of the system in 110 seconds. 

 These figures show how great is the need for 

 the air we breath to be pure and wholesome. 



The minimum amount of space required to 

 keep a man in a healthy condition is 600 cubic 

 feet ; this is often the allowance for a horse, 

 which should have double that amount of 

 space at least ; some idea, therefore, may be 

 obtained of the unhealthy condition of stables. 

 The cow may be set down as requiring at 

 least as much, if not more, than a horse, so 

 that 1,400 cubic feet per cow should be al- 

 lowed. It has been calculated that the horse 

 inspiring eight times per minute, requires 

 48,000 cubic inches of air per hour. The 

 quantity of carbonic acid gas created by the 

 respiration of this volume of air per hour is 

 one cubic foot, containing two ounces or 

 thereabouts of solid carbon. To this source 

 of deterioration of the purity of the air of a 

 cow-house, is to be added that arising from 

 the cutaneous perspiration of the animal, 

 which, with pulmonary perspiration, results 

 in the evolution of a weight of watery excreta 

 equal to fifteen pounds every twenty- four 

 hours ; add to these sources of impurity those 

 arising from the liquid and solid excreta 

 voided by the animal, and some idea of the 

 state of the air in a badly ventilated cow- 

 house may be formed. The amount of air, 

 then, which from the above data is required 

 for each animal is 6,000 cubic feet, and this 

 space given to a cow house of ample dimen- 

 sions will give house room for four animals, 

 thus allowing each 1,500 cubic feet of air per 

 hour ; so that to give to each the supply of 

 four times this, the air will require to be 

 changed four times every hour. Each window 

 frame, in the open spaces or chinks connected 

 with it, passes some eight cubic feet per min- 

 ute ; a door will pass at least double that 

 quantity. 



