42 GRASSHOPPERS IN GENERAL. 



figure 16^. The sternum of the prothorax is a sclerite having a 

 small tubercle situated between the front legs. On the membrane 

 connecting head and prothorax, on each side underneath the prothorax, 

 are a pair of sclerites looking somewhat like two links in a chain ; 

 these are called the jugular sclerites. They are represented in fig- 

 ure 16J, as is also the episternum of the prothorax and prothoracic leg. 

 Mesothorax. The middle part of the thorax, when viewed from 

 above, shows the front wings (tegmina) and mesonotum between the 

 wings (fig. 19). The mesonotum consists of two subdivisions the 

 scutum occupying the front half and scutellum the back half of this 

 division. The form of each is shown in figure 19. From the side can 

 be seen two sclerites named and referred to in figure 17, also the place 

 of attachment of the middle leg. The ventral portion (mesosternum) 



FIG. 18. (Original.) Metathoracic, or jumping leg. c, coxa ; tr, trochanter ; /, femur ; 

 ti, tibia ; ta, tarsi ; p, pulvillus and two claws. Enlarged four times. 



of the mesothorax is a large, flat, nearly rectangular piece, having the 

 corresponding sclerite of the metathorax dovetailed into its caudal 

 margin (fig. 20). 



Metathorax. This part resembles both in structure and function 

 the mesothorax. Reference to figures 17, 19, 20, will give names 

 of parts and appearances in structure. Between the mesothorax and 

 metathorax, on the side just above the leg socket, is the largest open- 

 ing in the body for the transmission of air. These openings are called 

 spiracles. See figure 27 for illustration of structure and position. 



Appendages of the thorax. These are the legs and wings. The 

 first and second pair of legs are used in walking and grasping ; the 



