300 



Ulotrichales 



radians Peter) is epizootic on the carapace of the European water-tortoise (Clemmys 

 caspica). Ulvella fucicola Rosenv. is partially parasitic on plants of Fucus, causing a 

 destruction of the peripheral cells. 



It is probable that all the Ulvelleae have originated from the Chsetophorese by a 

 reduction and modification of the branch -system consequent upon the adoption of a 

 completely epiphytic mode of life. 



Arthroch&te should be compared with Pseudock&te since both these genera are really 

 intermediate between the Cheetophorete and the Ulvellese. 



Fig. 193. A C, Ochlochizte ferox Huber. A, young plant, x 383 ; E, section through a part of 

 plant with zoogonidangia, x 383 ; C, zoogonidia, x 1050. D and E, Ch&tobolus gibbus 

 Kosenv. D, section through plant, x 316 ; E, small part of same, x 526. (A C, after 

 Huber; D and E, after Kosenvinge ; from Wille.) 



Sub-family MiCROTHAMNiE^E. This group as here defined is equivalent 

 to the Microthamniacese (West, '04) and almost the same as the Leptosirese 

 (Wille, '09). The Microthamniacese was originally separated from the 

 Chsetophoracese on two characters : first, the absence of multicellular hairs, 

 and secondly, the restricted origin of the zoogonidia. Recent investigations 

 have shown, however, that neither of these characters is sufficiently 

 pronounced or constant to be utilized as a basis upon which a family 

 ' Microthamniacese ' can be rightly established. 



The thallus is branched, with or without a mucous investment, sometimes 

 procumbent, but more often branched so as to form a pulvinate mass. The 

 branches are usually attenuated, but never piliferous, and hairs (or setae) are 

 never developed. The cells vary much in external form, and in some species 

 of Endoderma and Gongrosira are most irregular (consult fig. 194 E). In 



