GOVERNMENT 273 



are found in article XXI and are as 

 follows : 



" Subjects of China, who may be guilty 

 of any criminal act towards citizens of the 

 United States, shall be arrested and punish- 

 ed by the Chinese authorities according to 

 the laws of China. And citizens of the 

 United States who may commit any crime 

 in China, shall be subject to be tried and 

 punished only by the consul, or other public 

 functionary of the United States thereto 

 authorized, according to the laws of the 

 United States. And in order to the pre- 

 vention of all controversy and disaffection, 

 justice shall be equitably and impartially 

 administered on both sides." 



Four months later France made a treaty 

 with China in which was substantially 

 embodied the article above quoted from the 

 American treaty, and in 1858 it was literally 

 copied into the treaty entered into between 

 China and Great Britain. By virtue of the 

 " most favored nation clause," which ap- 

 peared in the subsequent treaties, entered 

 into by China with western nations, the 

 benefits of the article of the American 

 treaty have accrued to the latter. Certainly 



