GENERAL REMARKS ON SPRINGERS AND COCKERS. 135 



dog : but some animals are so delicate, that they refuse to 

 range with it, and yet are difficult to stop ; altogether, how- 

 ever, it is an exceedingly useful mode of bringing dogs under 

 command, but it is not so necessary for the pointer as for 

 the spaniel, or even the setter, which is a bolder, hardier, 

 and more headstrong dog than the pointer. In very unruly 

 animals it is applied to a leathern collar containing short 

 spikes in its internal surface, and the cord being suddenly 

 pulled, the " spiked collar" enters the skin and gives consi- 

 derable pain. With a hearty pull, however, the plain collar 

 punishes sufficiently for most cases, and 1 should rarely think 

 of using anything more for the purpose of breaking the dog 

 from either of the vices for which this remedy is provided. 



CHAPTER II. 

 FIELD SPANIELS AND THEIR BREAKING. 



GENERAL REMARKS ON SPRINGERS AND COCKERS THE CLUMBER AND 



SUSSEX SPANIELS THE NORFOLK AND OTHER BREEDS THE WELSH 



AND DEVONSHIRE COCKER THE KING CHARLES AND BLENHEIMS 



HUNTING SPANIELS BY FOOT-SCENT ALL TAUGHT TO RETRIEVE 



PRELIMINARY EDUCATION ENTERING AND BREAKING. 



GENERAL REMARKS ON SPRINGERS AND COCKERS. 



FIELD spaniels, as distinguished from water spaniels and toy 

 dogs, are divided into springers and cockers the former 

 being used for hunting pheasants and hares, while the latter 

 are chiefly employed as is designated by their name, for the 

 woodcock. The springer is considerably larger than the 

 cocker, and heavier in frame, as well as in the head. From 

 this large size he is unable to follow out any but large runs 

 in covert, and will often pass the woodcock as a consequence 

 of this. Indeed it sometimes happens that the pheasant or the 

 hare will pass where he cannot squeeze his body, but generally 

 he will contrive to thrust it through with great fatigue to him- 

 self. Of the springers there are three chief varieties the 



