ALL SPORTING PROJECTILES MADE OP LEAD. 207 



the nipple should be sent to the guninaker. The Birmingham 

 and London sizes do not correspond, the following being the 

 relative sizes of Mr. Eley's with the Birmingham scale : 



Eley's ..15 

 Birmingham | 43 



6 | 7 I 8 

 44 46 43 



10 

 51&52 



11 I 18 

 53 & 54 I 55 & 56 



Where there are two numbers of the Birmingham sizes 

 corresponding with only one of Eley's, it is in consequence 

 of two of their numbers being of tJie same size, varying only 

 in the length of the caps. 



CHAPTER III. 



OX THE VARIETIES OF PROJECTILES AND THE 

 SUBSTANCES USED IN AID OF THEM. 



ALL SPORTING PROJECTILES MADE OF LEAD EITHER CAST OR PRESSED 



AS IN HALLS, t>U DROPPED FROM A HEIGHT AS IN SHOT SHAPES OF 



J1ALLS SIXES OF SHOT WADDING AM) PATCHES CARTRIDGES. 



ALL SPORTING PROJECTILES MADE OF LEAD. 



Lead is the substance of which all sporting projectiles are 

 made, whether they are used in the size of a four-ounce ball 

 or in that of dust shot. There is some difference in the 

 quality of -this metal, which is often alloyed with zinc, when 

 its specific gravity is greatly reduced, though it is somewhat 

 harder than the pure metal. The latter should, however, be 

 preferred, as weight will have more effect than hardness in 

 producing penetration. The price of lead is about 3d. to 

 oi//. per Ib. 



Balls are cast of various shapes and sizes in moulds which 

 are generally made to open like a pair of pincers. In order 

 to avoid the slight variations which are found to exist in all 

 cast bullets, Mr. Greenfield has invented a simple machine, 

 by which each cylindro conical ball is driven through a 

 gauge by means of a lever. It is a very useful contrivance 

 for muzzle-loading rifles, in which an exact fit is required. 

 These forms of bullets vary almost indefinitely, every con- 



