Wild Flowers 385 



EchinosiKrmum defiexum (Viper's Bugloss), and E. Lap- 

 pula, Orobus vermis (Spring Vetch), and Vicia pisi- 

 formis (a Vetch). The flora of such rubbles is very 

 similar in all parts of the country, and is not affected 

 by the chemical composition of the rock. 



The flora of the dry limestone and shale rocks has 

 the greatest resemblance to that of the hard rock 

 rubbles, especially in the part of the country west of 

 the mountains. In the less elevated Silurian regions 

 east of the mountains the flora has a still more diversi- 

 fied character, and in the limestone and argillaceous 

 slate in the lowest regions — as in the Skiens Fjord and 

 the Christiania Fjord — are the richest flora in Norway. 

 Besides most of the species found in the rubbles, 

 sheltered by deciduous trees, are to be found Phleum 

 phalanoides (a Grass), Lilanotis montana (Mountain 

 Meadow Saxifrage), Fragaria collina (Hill Strawberry), 

 etc. ; and the rare species, Cirsium acaule (a Thistle), 

 Ononus campiestris (Eest Harrow), Trifolium montanum 

 (Mountain Trefoil), Cephalanthera rubra, and several 

 others. 



The sand and detritus on the shores have also a 

 peculiar flora. In the shore region of northern Norway 

 are found Carex arctica, Plantago horealis (Northern 

 Plantain), Ge^ntiana serrata (a Gentian), Priwizi/a Sihirica 

 (Siberian Primrose), Stellaria numifusa (a Stitchwort), 

 which are wanting on the mountains. Mountain 

 plants have also been found on the shores in other 

 districts, which are not elsewhere found in the low- 

 lands. Thus Peristylis viricUs and Saussurea alpina 

 grow on the sandy beaches of Jaederen, Sedum villosum 

 (Hairy Stonecrop) on the shores of Sogn, Gentiana 



2 B 



