OF SHOEING. 41 



level iron shoe can have no effect in preventing a 

 horse from slipping. The frog and the bars are, 

 from their structure, the natural stays of the foot 

 against the ground. Turned-up shoes, by causing 

 the weight and wear to be evenly distributed over 

 the foot, develope the frog and bars, and, instead 

 of facilitating, have, therefore, a tendency to prevent 

 slipping. 



4thly. It is alleged that turned-up shoes are 

 unsightly and make a horse look as if he wanted 

 shoeing. The first of these two objections is a 

 matter of opinion, the second a matter of habit. 



Sthly. They are said to be unnatural, but the 

 level wear is sufficient to disprove the assertion. 

 Again, the structure of the coffin bone, which has 

 been noticed above (para. 41), disproves it. An 

 external form corresponding to the internal bony 

 structure can hardly be said to be unnatural. 



6thly. It is urged that the toes in the new-born 

 foal are not turned up. Assuredly not, for the feet 

 have not yet been subjected to any wear. 



44. Both skill and practice are necessary in fitting Of making 



tumed-up 



a shoe to the natural tread. A farrier seldom shoes, 

 succeeds well in his earlier attempts. The following 

 hints may assist the workman. The turn up of the 

 shoe is made on the horn of the anvil by beating 

 out the toe. The process of beating out the web 

 at the toe will necessarily make it wider. This 



