42 OF SHOEING. 



extra width must be removed by the file, for, as 

 we have before observed, the web should be of 

 uniform width all round. The breadth of the part 

 turned up is from the anterior part of the quarter 

 on the one side to a similar point on the other. 

 The degree of turn up is, of course, greater at the 

 toe than at the sides. A very common error is 

 committed by turning up merely the point of the 

 toe. This may be of some use in preventing 

 stumbhng, but it is not sufficient to restore the 

 natural tread and make the wear even all over the 

 shoe. To effect this object, the turn up must be 

 broad. The farrier has always a simple guide in 

 the wear of the old shoe. Where he finds undue 

 friction going on, he must ease off the part and 

 not attempt to fight against nature, by thickening 

 it or by inserting a bit of steel, or by putting on 

 calkings or such other devices. 



The shoes being, as previously directed, flat to- 

 wards the sdle, the upper inner line of the circum- 

 ference of the web will be level all round, while 

 the ground, or lower surface of the toe of the shoe 

 will be turned up throughout, and will thus form 

 a very sHght but complete arch from quarter to 

 quarter, imitating exactly the formation of the 

 inferior surface of the coffin bone. 



If the farrier finds a difficulty in beating out 

 the toe sufficiently on the anvil, he must file out 

 the under surface. The shoe should not be thicker 



