56 ON SHOEING. 



crust, otherwise undue pressure may come on the 

 sole. It is imperatively necessary to guard against 

 such an evil. This may be best done by preserving 

 the crust sound and unimpaired ; but even with a 

 damaged crust pressure on the sole may be obviated 

 by paring it away and using a concave seated shoe, 

 as is the ordinary practice; 



Hindshoea. 63. The samo general rulcs as regard fitting, nail- 

 ing, and clenching, apply to hind as to the fore shoes. 

 The general principles as regard rasping, paring, 

 the avoidance of opening the heels, the treatment of 

 the frog and preservation of the bars apply here 

 equally. 



A level and natural bearing on the ground is 

 needed as much behind as before, but from a differ- 

 ence in action which is easily to be observed, the 

 hind shoes do not require to be turned up in front 

 in order to give a level bearing. 



The action of the fore leg, as has been remarked 

 above, is that of a semicircular progressive motion, 

 which is hindered at every step by the leverage of the 

 long toe, but the action of the hind Hmb is one of 

 propulsion or pushing, and it both quits and reaches 

 the ground in a manner quite different to the 

 fore leg. 



The greatest wear in the hind shoe, it will be 

 observed, is at the heels, and therefore, consistently 

 with the general principle of making the wear nearly 



