110 OF THE DISEASES 



ridden, which are safe in harness ; whilst others 

 may be ridden with safety which cannot be driven. 

 If alterations in the shoeing, such as have been 

 already suggested for cutting and interfering, will 

 not prevent the evil in any particular horse, a boot 

 must be worn. 



Straight 86. Straight pasterns, which are generally 



paserns. gynonymous with short pasterns, are a formation 

 which naturally tends to increased concussion and 

 its train of evils. 



Much will be done to lessen concussion by 

 preserving a good crust, a good sole, and the 

 frog and bars unimpaired. More will be done, 

 all indeed that is possible, by using tips instead of 

 shoes. Some experience has given the author a 

 high opinion of the value of tips for horses with 

 short pasterns. By allowing a more full and 

 natural action of the frog and posterior parts of 

 the foot, they appear greatly to lessen jar and 

 concussion. 



Wind- 87- Wind-galls are enlargements of the bursa? 



of the tendons, ligaments, or joints, arising from 

 an increased secretion of synovia, otherwise called 

 joint oil. This increased secretion is produced by 

 inflammation of the serous membrane which lines 

 the burssB of the tendons or ligaments, or of the 

 capsules of the joints themselves. The cause of 



