AND MALFORMATIONS OF THE FEET. 121 



taken against this by preventing the opening of 

 the heels, the cutting away of the bars and frog, 

 the paring of the sole, and the rasping of the 

 crust. 



Where, however, a greater amount of freedom 

 is sought than can be gained by any sort of 

 shoes, the use of tips is advisable. 



98. When, at the end of a month, the shoes are Elasticity 

 taken off, there is in general a bright mark on the heels. 

 upper surface of the shoe towards the heels, which 

 is by many supposed to be due to the effect of the 

 expansion and contraction of the foot at that part. 



These marks, however, it will be noticed, run 

 along the web of the shoe, and not from side to 

 side, as would certainly be the case if they were 

 due to the effect of expansion and contraction at 

 the heels. They are, in reality, caused by the 

 motion of the heels on the shoe, which is produced 

 by the leverage at the toe, when the horse is in 

 action. 



99^ It has been already stated that feet ought to Feet to be 

 be pairs. Any difference in size is the almost sure 

 and certain sign of disease, either past or present, 

 in the foot or in some limb directly or indirectly 

 connected with it, or of some irregularity of action. 



Suspected 



100. When lameness in the foot is suspected, it inThefoot. 



