AND MALFORMATIONS OF THE FEET. 123 



ground surface of the crust as much as may repre- 

 sent a month's growth. 



Remember that there is generally a far more 

 rapid growth of horn at the toe than at either the 

 heels or the quarters. More, therefore, will require 

 to be taken off the toe than off other parts ; in 

 other words, shorten the toe. Be careful to make 

 the heels level. Having lowered the crust to the 

 necessary extent with the knife, smooth it down 

 level with the rasp. 



2nd. Round off the lower edge of the crust with 

 the rasp. Do this carefully and thoroughly. If a 

 sharp edge be left, the crust will be apt to split 

 and chip. 



The preparation of the foot is now complete. It 

 remains to fit the shoe to the foot. 



3rd. Let the shoe be made with a narrow web 

 (f inch), of even width all round, except at the 

 heels (see direction No. 8), flat towards the sole 

 and concave to the ground, as shown in the plates 

 at the end. 



4th. Turn up the toe of the shoe on the horn of 

 the anvil. The degree of "turn up" must be regu- 

 lated by what you find necessary in each horse to 

 make the wear nearly even all over the shoe. 



It will be found in practice that most horses 

 take much about the same degree of " turn up." 



5th. Make five countersunk nail holes in each 

 shoe, viz., three on the outside and two on the inside. 



