AND MALFORMATIONS OF THE FEET. 125 



The clenches are not to be filed either before or 

 after turDiiig down, nor is a ledge to be made in 

 the crust to receive the clenches. 



103. For ordinary hind feet the pattern of shoe Directions 

 in common use is recommended, but with a clip on ordinary 

 each side, immediately anterior to the first nail, in- 

 stead of one only at the toe. The double clip keeps 

 the shoe steadier in its place than the single. 



The web should be made somewhat wider at the 

 toe than at other parts, in order to allow space for 

 the thorough sloping of its inner edge, as recom- 

 mended under the head of Over-reach. 



For reasons which have been already explained, 

 the hind foot does not require to be shortened at the 

 toe like the fore foot ; but the other directions given 

 above, namely, as regards lowering the crust, round- 

 ing its lower edge, accurate fitting without rasping, 

 punchingthe nail holes coarse, nailing, and clenching, 

 with the total absence of rasping, paring, opening 

 the heels, cutting away the frog, or bars, &c., apply 

 equally to hind as to fore feet. 



Six nails, namely, three on each side, are needed 

 for the hind shoe. Without the third nail on the 

 inside hind shoes are apt to " twist" on the feet. 



The horse is now shod. Nothing more must be 

 done for the sake of what is sometimes called 

 appearance. 



The best iron only should be used for shoes. 



