APPENDIX 555 



thrives on the beach and in brackish pools. Portulaca lutea (Sol.), Ipomea 

 glaberrima (Boj.), and Jacquemontia sandwicensis also occur. Where 

 the beach-sand has encroached on the adjacent lava surface, the Sc^evola 

 covers extensive tracts off the beach, and is stunted. I noticed a solitary 

 thicket of Thespesia populnea on the beach. 



The actual headland of Kalae is wind-swept and covered with grass, 

 amongst which Portulaca villosa and Sida fallax thrve. By the sea occur 

 Sc^vola Kcenigii and Ipomea pes caprge, and there is some Sesbania 

 tomentosa near the point. Waiheiaukini beach is shut in between the 

 lofty arid slopes of the promontory on one side and a modern lava-flow on 

 the other side. Here Sccevola Kcenigii grows in quantity, together with 

 Ipomea pes caprae, Tribulus cistoides, Sida fallax, and Jacquemontia 

 sandwicensis, whilst Cuscuta sandwichiana is abundant, find'ng its hosts 

 in the first four plants just named. 



(3) South Kojia Coast, Hawaii. — The coast here, as exemplified by that 

 between Kapua and Hoopuloa, is mostly bare lava. Here and there, a 

 little coral sand collects amongst the lava blocks of the rubbly shore, and 

 it is in such places that Scsevola Kcenigii and Ipomea pes caprse find a 

 home and apparently thrive, whilst Hibiscus tiliaceus and Morinda 

 citrifolia grow behind. I observed Cordia subcordata and one or two 

 specimens of Pritchardia Gaudichaudii by the coast on the south side of 

 Milolii. Around a brackish pool at Kapua I observed Heliotropium 

 curassavicum, and Acacia Farnesiana was to be seen growing on the beach 

 at Okoe. On the lava coast between Hoopuloa and Papa, two miles to the 

 north, Tephrosia piscatoria was very abundant. 



(4) North Kona Coast, Hawaii. — I examined the coast between Kailua 

 and Kiholo. White beaches are common south of Keahole Point, the 

 coast further north being usually lava-bound with sandy beaches here and 

 there. Heliotropium anomalum, Ipomea pes caprte, and Sesuvium Portula- 

 castrum are the commonest beach plants on this coast. Scsevola Kcenigii 

 is also abundant in places, whilst Tribulus cistoides and Morinda citrifolia 

 are also fairly common on the beaches. The Morinda also grows on the 

 adjacent lava flats ; but on both sand and rock it is evidently usually self- 

 sown, since seedlings are to be seen near the older plants. Heliotropium 

 curassavicum is to be seen here and there on the sand all along the coast, 

 but nearly always associated with H. anomalum. Jacquemontia sandwi- 

 censis occurs occasionally on the beach ; and Cuscuta sandwichiana is 

 abundant in places, growing generally on Ipomea pes caprfe, but sometimes 

 on Scaevola Kcenigii. Brackish water ponds are common on the coast 

 inside the beaches, Ruppia maritima flourishing in the water, with 

 Sesuvium Portulacastrum growing at the edges. Sometimes Hala trees 

 (Pandanus odoratissimus) fringe the borders of the pools. I noticed 

 Pritchardia Gaudichaudii on the coast at Kiholo, and I learned that Cordia 

 subcordata was once common here as on other parts of the Kona coast ; 

 but it has died out as in most other localities. 



