IN T11E BRITISH ISLANDS. 11 



of the reniform stigma and the subteriuinal only remain and are very 

 distinct ; the fringe is yellow." He also adds : " This variety is ob- 

 tained when one rears a large number of cerago, but it is as rare as it 

 is constant " (' Noctuelles,' vol. v., p. 393). Hiibner's fig. 445 (ceraqo) 

 represents this variety, as also does Haworth's gilnago (' Lep. Brit.,' 

 p. 237) and that of Fabricius (' Mant.,' p. 161). Newman writes of 

 this form : " The variety flavescens of Esper, represented in the lower 

 figure, is pale yellow, without any of the cloudy transverse markings, 

 but having the central spot, which from the absence of other mark- 

 ings is rendered very conspicuous " (' British Moths/ p. 374). It is 

 Haworth's fulvayo var. /:?, which he describes as : " Alls anticis omnino 

 pallidioribus " ( Lepidoptera Britannica,' p. 237). My specimens have 

 come from Morpeth, Kipon, Glasgow, Ulverston, Forres, Farnboro' 

 (Kent), Leicester, Derby, Darlington, Heading &c. 



(3. var. cerago, Hb. Hiibner's fig. 190, represents a form of 

 ftdvayo, intermediate between the var. flavescens and the type. It is 

 not so obsoletely marked as in the former, nor so strongly marked as 

 in the latter. Hiibner's fig. may be described as : " Anterior wings 

 pale yellow, with pale, dull red markings. A small black dot occupies 

 the lower part of the reniform. Hind wings white, without markings " 

 (' Samrnlung europ. Schinet.' &c., fig. 190). This is not at all an un- 

 common var. in Britain. I have it from Farnboro', Forres, Hartley 

 Wmtiiey &c. This intermediate form is figured in Humphrey and 

 Westwood's British Moths,' PI. 45, fig. 3. 



y. var. suffusa, mihi. This is the cerago of Newman, who describes 

 the ordinary red markings as : " Sienna-brown, inclining to purple, 

 all of which are strongly pronounced on the costal margin &c." This 

 variety with such extreme dark markings is not at all common. I 

 only have specimens from Morpeth, Hartley Wintney, Glasgow, 

 Nottingham &c. Mr. Hope Alderson writes : " I took a var of 

 Xauthia fulcayo ,in Sep. (1891), with the usual central band greatly 

 suffused and spreading from the subterniinal towards the base of the 

 wing as far as the orbicular " (in. litt). It is Haworth's fulvayo var. 

 y which he describes as : " Alis fasciis conflueutibus, saturatioribus " 

 (' Lepidoptera Britannica,' p. 237). 



6. var. obsoleta, mihi. This is a variety parallel to var. flavegcew, 

 but has the ground colour of an orange-yellow instead of pale yellow. 

 I have specimens from Leicester &c. 



. var. imperfecta, mihi. This is a variety parallel to var. cerago, 

 Hb., but having the ground colour of an orange-yellow colour. My 

 specimens have come from Farnboro', Kipon, Hartley Wintney &c. 



. var. aurantia, mihi. Parallel to the type, with distinct red 

 markings, but with orange instead of pale yellow ground colour. My 

 specimens have come from Farnboro', Morpeth, Willington, Notting- 

 ham and Forres. 



77. var. mrgata, mihi. This form is parallel to var. suffusa \villi a 

 distinct central red band between the central shade and subterniinal 

 line, but the ground colour of an orange tint. It is the fulcayo of 

 Haworth, who writes : " Alis laste aureis nebulosis, fasciis duabus 

 inaculosis valde interruptis rufo-fuscis " &c. (' Lepidoptera Britannica,' 

 pp. 236-237). My specimens have come from Pitcaple and Weyiuouth. 



